Volume 3, Number 2, 1969
Permanent URI for this collection
This collection contains all the articles from Volume 3, Number 2, 1969 of the Earth Science Journal.
Recent Submissions
Item Coverpage and Contents(Journal Article, Waikato Geological Society, The University of Waikato, 1969) Waikato Geological SocietyCoverpage and Contents from Volume 3, Number 2, 1969 of Earth Science Journal.Item Skeleton Islands of New Zealand and elsewhere(Journal Article, Waikato Geological Society, The University of Waikato, 1969) Cotton, C.A.Skeleton Islands are a variety of the class of islands resulting from subsidence of dissected land, subcategory 4a of a classification of islands here offered. Such islands are characterised by development of a sprawling outline with a narrow axial ridge from which slender lateral spurs, or ribs, extend more or less at right angles. Extreme skeletonisation is associated with development before a final drowning, or redrowning, of amphitheatre heads in valleys already heading in the main divide. This may be a climatically induced change of the valley form related, in the case of the New Zealand example, Arapawa Island, to cryergic (periglacial) activity in the Pleistocene glacial ages. Kakeroma Island (Ryukyu Group), an example of a skeleton island described by W. M. Davis, has quite possibly a history different from that of Arapawa Island as regards both the development of the relief of the subsiding lands and. being in a low latitude, the possibly climatic process responsible for shaping its now submerged valley heads and thus emaciating the ribs of the island.Item Rational descriptive classification of duricrusts(Journal Article, Waikato Geological Society, The University of Waikato, 1969) Dury, G.H.The term duricrust appears to be extending itself to include calcareous, gypseous, and saline crusts, in addition to crusts composed dominantly of silica and/or of sesquioxides of iron and aluminium, with or without significant contents of dioxides of manganese or titanium. This latter group can be distinguished as duricrusts proper. Its nomenclature is highly confused, and its classification, in writings in the English language, defective. The relevant problems can be resolved, at least in considerable part, by the introduction, adaptation, and extension of modern terms current in tropical pedology, to give a descriptive classification free of genetic implications. When content of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃ is used as a primary basis for the classification of duricrusts proper, plots on a ternary diagram justify the recognition of seven named types in the fersiallitic range.Item New Zealand microcosm of subtropical soils(Journal Article, Waikato Geological Society, The University of Waikato, 1969) Guerassimov, I.P.Some examples of zonal soils in New Zealand are described by a visiting Soviet soil scientist. Analyses made in Moscow of samples collected during the visit are given and compared with results obtained by New Zealand Soil Bureau. The soi1s are correlated with some soils in Transcaucasia and alternative methods of classification are proposed.Item The effect of some environmental factors on rapid mass movement in the Hunua Ranges, New Zealand(Journal Article, Waikato Geological Society, The University of Waikato, 1969) Pain, C.F.This paper describes some of the relationships between rapid mass movement and environmental factors in the Hunua Ranges. Extreme climatic events appear to be important in triggering mass movement, while vegetation has a marked effect on mass movement processes and resulting landforms. The main effects of lithology and soils are connected with their influence on site conditions of mass movement. Drainage basin morphometry is affected by the addition of channels produced by mass movement.