Changes in soil carbon stocks of New Zealand’s grazed pasture in response to variations in management and environmental factors.

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dc.contributor.authorKirschbaum, Miko U.F.en_NZ
dc.contributor.authorRutledge, Susannaen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorMudge, Paul Lawrenceen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorPuche, Nicholasen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorSchipper, Louis A.en_NZ
dc.contributor.authorCampbell, David I.en_NZ
dc.contributor.editorCurrie, L.D.en_NZ
dc.contributor.editorBurkitt, L.L.en_NZ
dc.coverage.spatialMassey University, Palmerston North N.Z.en_NZ
dc.date.accessioned2015-07-19T23:08:47Z
dc.date.available2015en_NZ
dc.date.available2015-07-19T23:08:47Z
dc.date.issued2015en_NZ
dc.description.abstractDairy farming is New Zealand‟s pre-eminent primary industry. It achieves large export earnings but is also responsible for a large proportion of the country‟s greenhouse gas emissions. One of those greenhouse gases is CO₂, and in order to lower New Zealand‟s net greenhouse gas emissions, it is important to identify any management options that can lead to carbon sequestration in pasture soils and thereby minimise net CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere. It is equally important to understand what factors could lead to losses of soil carbon from pasture soils and thereby add further to New Zealand‟s CO₂ emissions. We addressed these questions by using two years of observations from an eddy-covariance system on a dairy farm in the Waikato that provided estimates of the exchanges of water and CO₂ with the atmosphere. We used CenW 4.1, a process-based ecosystem model, to describe these observations in terms of their biophysical drivers and the interactions between them. Agreement between the model and observations was excellent, especially for evapotranspiration and net photosynthesis, for which 91% and 79% of observed daily variations could be explained. The validated model was then used to run different scenarios to assess the effects on soil organic carbon of changes in the application of fertiliser and irrigation water, grazing scheduling, differences in plant-internal resource allocation, and changes in temperature and CO₂ concentration. We found that it was important to consider the combined effect of changes in net primary production, the amount of carbon taken off-site through grazing, the proportion of carbon allocated to pools, especially pools in the soil, that facilitates the stabilisation of carbon in organic matter, and any changes in the rate of organic matter decomposition. Soil organic carbon stocks were positively correlated with rates of fertiliser application and with the rate of water application (rain or irrigation) up to some moderate water application rates. For other changes in key properties, changes in soil organic carbon were often negatively correlated with changes in milk production. That was clearly evident for changes in the grazing regime and in plant root:shoot ratios. Anticipated environmental changes, such as increases in temperature and CO₂ concentration, and both increases and decreases in precipitation from moderate values had either neutral or detrimental effects on soil organic carbon stocks. Milk production was generally more positively affected under most environmental changes.en_NZ
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.citationKirschbaum, M. U. F., Rutledge, S., Mudge, P. L., Puche, N., Schipper, L. A., & Campbell, D. I. (2015). Changes in soil carbon stocks of New Zealand’s grazed pasture in response to variations in management and environmental factors. In L. D. Currie & L. L. Burkitt (Eds.), Moving farm systems to improved attenuation. Occasional Report No. 28. (pp. 1–19). Palmerston North, New Zealand: Fertilizer and Lime Research Centre, Massey University.en
dc.identifier.eissn2230-3944en_NZ
dc.identifier.issn0112-9902en_NZ
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10289/9474
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherFertilizer and Lime Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.en_NZ
dc.relation.isPartOfMoving farm systems to improved attenuation. Occasional Report No. 28.en_NZ
dc.relation.urihttp://flrc.massey.ac.nz/workshops/15/paperlist15.htmen_NZ
dc.rightsPaper presented at the 28th Annual FLRC Workshop, Massey University, 10-12 February 2015. Used with permission.
dc.source28th Annual FLRC Workshopen_NZ
dc.subjectCenW
dc.subjectconcentration
dc.subjectfertiliser
dc.subjectgrazing
dc.subjectirrigation
dc.subjectmodel
dc.subjecttemperature
dc.subjectCO₂
dc.titleChanges in soil carbon stocks of New Zealand’s grazed pasture in response to variations in management and environmental factors.en_NZ
dc.typeConference Contribution
pubs.begin-page1
pubs.elements-id128527
pubs.end-page19
pubs.finish-date2015-02-12en_NZ
pubs.organisational-group/Waikato
pubs.organisational-group/Waikato/FSEN
pubs.organisational-group/Waikato/FSEN/School of Science
pubs.place-of-publicationPalmerston Northen_NZ
pubs.publication-statusPublisheden_NZ
pubs.publisher-urlhttp://www.massey.ac.nz/~flrc/workshops/15/Manuscripts/Paper_Kirschbaum_2015.pdfen_NZ
pubs.start-date2015-02-10en_NZ
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