Seed rain and soil seed banks limit native regeneration within urban forest restoration plantings in Hamilton City, New Zealand

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dc.contributor.authorOverdyck, Elizabeth
dc.contributor.authorClarkson, Bruce D.
dc.date.accessioned2013-05-27T05:05:12Z
dc.date.available2013-05-27T05:05:12Z
dc.date.issued2012
dc.description.abstractRestoration of native forest vegetation in urban environments may be limited due to isolation from native seed sources and to the prevalence of exotic plant species. To investigate urban seed availability we recorded the composition of seed rain, soil seed banks and vegetation at native forest restoration plantings up to 36 years old in Hamilton City and compared these with naturally regenerating forest within the city and in a nearby rural native forest remnant. Seed rain, soil seed banks (fern spores inclusive) and understorey vegetation in urban forest were found to have higher exotic species richness and lower native species density and richness than rural forest. Both understorey vegetation and soil seed banks of urban sites >20 years old had lower exotic species richness than younger (10–20 years) sites, indicating a developmental threshold that provided some resistance to exotic species establishment. However, the prevalence of exotic species in urban seed rain will allow reinvasion through edge habitat and following disturbance to canopy vegetation. Persistent soil seed banks from both urban and rural sites were dominated by exotic herbaceous species and native fern species, while few other native forest species were found to persist for >1 year in the seed bank. Enrichment planting will be required for those native species with limited dispersal or short-lived seeds, thus improving native seed availability in urban forests as more planted species mature reproductively. Further research into species seed traits and seedling establishment is needed to refine effective management strategies for successful restoration of urban native forests.en_NZ
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.citationOverdyck, E. & Clarkson, B.D. (2012) Seed rain and soil seed banks limit native regeneration within urban forest restoration plantings in Hamilton City, New Zealand. New Zealand journal of Ecology, 36(2), 177-190.en_NZ
dc.identifier.issn0110-6465
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10289/7657
dc.language.isoenen_NZ
dc.publisherNew Zealand Ecological Societyen_NZ
dc.relation.isPartOfNew Zealand Journal of Ecologyen_NZ
dc.relation.urihttp://www.newzealandecology.org/nzje/contents.php?volume_issue=j36_2en_NZ
dc.rightsThis article is published in New Zealand Journal of Ecology. © 2012 New Zealand Ecological Society.en_NZ
dc.subjectecological restorationen_NZ
dc.subjectfern spore banken_NZ
dc.subjectfragmentationen_NZ
dc.subjectseed dispersalen_NZ
dc.subjectsuccessionen_NZ
dc.subjecturban ecologyen_NZ
dc.titleSeed rain and soil seed banks limit native regeneration within urban forest restoration plantings in Hamilton City, New Zealanden_NZ
dc.typeJournal Articleen_NZ
pubs.begin-page177en_NZ
pubs.elements-id37788
pubs.end-page190en_NZ
pubs.issue2en_NZ
pubs.volume36en_NZ
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