Revisiting Elton's copepods: lake construction has altered the distribution and composition of calanoid copepods in the British Isles

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dc.contributor.authorDuggan, Ian C.en_NZ
dc.contributor.authorPayne, Richard J.en_NZ
dc.date.accessioned2017-08-31T01:54:04Z
dc.date.available2017-06-01en_NZ
dc.date.available2017-08-31T01:54:04Z
dc.date.issued2017en_NZ
dc.description.abstractIt is now widely accepted that the construction of new lakes, ponds and reservoirs facilitates the invasion of non-indigenous aquatic species, due largely to low biotic resistance from native communities. The role played by constructed waters appears to be a particularly frequent feature of zooplankton invasions. Charles Elton, in his classic 1927 book “Animal Ecology”, noted that the estuarine calanoid copepod Eurytemora velox had invaded constructed inland waters in Britain and highlighted the lack of a key species, Eudiaptomus gracilis, in allowing its establishment. At the time, Elton’s observations were dismissed and his findings largely consigned to obscurity. Using occurrence records gathered since this time and current knowledge of calanoid copepod ecology and invasion biology, we re-examined the distributions of three species of freshwater calanoid copepods in the British Isles to: 1) determine the legacy of lake and pond construction on their distributions, and 2) reassess the conclusions made by Elton in light of this knowledge. The lack of natural lakes in the south and east of England, and the subsequent widespread development of new lakes and ponds, has altered calanoid copepod distributions. The common E. gracilis occurs frequently in the north and west of the British Isles in natural lakes, and is found in the south and east in constructed waters. The estuarine E. velox was found only in 3 natural freshwater sites, all in close proximity to the coast, but has been recorded in 23 constructed sites, many of these well inland. Elton noted a general lack of co-existence between E. velox and E. gracilis, with the relatively slow establishment rates of E. gracilis thought key in allowing the estuarine species to invade. However, subsequent collections suggest long-term cooccurrence of these species at some sites. We suggest that E. velox has now successfully invaded freshwaters in the British Isles. Eudiaptomus vulgaris is not known from natural lakes, but has been recorded in several constructed waters, and appears to have invaded Britain facilitated by lake construction. Current knowledge supports Elton’s contention that constructed waters are more readily invaded than natural waters, and that biotic resistance due to the presence of key species is important. While some specific criticisms of Elton’s ideas were valid, we argue that Elton’s concepts regarding constructed waters and invasions were in many ways correct and prescient of current understanding.
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dc.identifier.citationDuggan, I. C., & Payne, R. J. (2017). Revisiting Elton’s copepods: lake construction has altered the distribution and composition of calanoid copepods in the British Isles. Aquatic Invasions, 12(2), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2017.12.2.04en
dc.identifier.doi10.3391/ai.2017.12.2.04en_NZ
dc.identifier.eissn1818-5487en_NZ
dc.identifier.issn1798-6540en_NZ
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10289/11295
dc.language.isoenen_NZ
dc.publisherRegional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre - REABICen_NZ
dc.relation.isPartOfAquatic Invasionsen_NZ
dc.rights© 2017 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2017 REABIC
dc.subjectScience & Technologyen_NZ
dc.subjectLife Sciences & Biomedicineen_NZ
dc.subjectEcologyen_NZ
dc.subjectMarine & Freshwater Biologyen_NZ
dc.subjectEnvironmental Sciences & Ecologyen_NZ
dc.subjectartificial watersen_NZ
dc.subjectbiological invasionsen_NZ
dc.subjectbiotic resistanceen_NZ
dc.subjectdamsen_NZ
dc.subjectexotic speciesen_NZ
dc.subjectCharles Eltonen_NZ
dc.subjectFRESH-WATER COPEPODSen_NZ
dc.subjectSINODIAPTOMUS-VALKANOVIen_NZ
dc.subjectNEW-ZEALANDen_NZ
dc.subjectZOOPLANKTONen_NZ
dc.subjectINVASIONSen_NZ
dc.subjectCONSEQUENCESen_NZ
dc.subjectLILLJEBORGen_NZ
dc.subjectRESERVOIRSen_NZ
dc.subjectPREDATIONen_NZ
dc.subjectIDENTITYen_NZ
dc.titleRevisiting Elton's copepods: lake construction has altered the distribution and composition of calanoid copepods in the British Islesen_NZ
dc.typeJournal Article
pubs.begin-page159
pubs.elements-id194973
pubs.end-page166
pubs.issue2en_NZ
pubs.organisational-group/Waikato
pubs.organisational-group/Waikato/2018 PBRF
pubs.organisational-group/Waikato/FSEN
pubs.organisational-group/Waikato/FSEN/2018 PBRF - FSEN
pubs.organisational-group/Waikato/FSEN/School of Science
pubs.organisational-group/Waikato/FSEN/School of Science/2018 PBRF - School of Science
pubs.owner.emailduggan@waikato.ac.nz
pubs.owner.nameDuggan, Ian
pubs.publication-statusPublisheden_NZ
pubs.user.infoDuggan, Ian (duggan@waikato.ac.nz)
pubs.volume12en_NZ
uow.verification.statusunverified
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