Environmental drivers of viral community composition in Antarctic soils identified by viromics

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dc.contributor.authorAdriaenssens, Evelien M.en_NZ
dc.contributor.authorKramer, Rolfen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorVan Goethem, Marc W.en_NZ
dc.contributor.authorMakhalanyane, Thulani P.en_NZ
dc.contributor.authorHogg, Ian D.en_NZ
dc.contributor.authorCowan, Don A.en_NZ
dc.date.accessioned2017-11-08T22:03:07Z
dc.date.available2017en_NZ
dc.date.available2017-11-08T22:03:07Z
dc.date.issued2017en_NZ
dc.description.abstractBackground The Antarctic continent is considered the coldest and driest place on earth with simple ecosystems, devoid of higher plants. Soils in the ice-free regions of Antarctica are known to harbor a wide range of microorganisms from primary producers to grazers, yet their ecology and particularly the role of viruses is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the virus community structures of 14 soil samples from the Mackay Glacier region. Methods Viral communities were extracted from soil and the dsDNA was extracted, amplified using single-primer amplification, and sequenced using the Ion Torrent Proton platform. Metadata on soil physico-chemistry was collected from all sites. Both read and contig datasets were analyzed with reference-independent and reference-dependent methods to assess viral community structures and the influence of environmental parameters on their distribution. Results We observed a high heterogeneity in virus signatures, independent of geographical proximity. Tailed bacteriophages were dominant in all samples, but the incidences of the affiliated families Siphoviridae and Myoviridae were inversely correlated, suggesting direct competition for hosts. Viruses of the families Phycodnaviridae and Mimiviridae were present at significant levels in high-diversity soil samples and were found to co-occur, implying little competition between them. Combinations of soil factors, including pH, calcium content, and site altitude, were found to be the main drivers of viral community structure. Conclusions The pattern of viral community structure with higher levels of diversity at lower altitude and pH, and co-occurring viral families, suggests that these cold desert soil viruses interact with each other, the host, and the environment in an intricate manner, playing a potentially crucial role in maintaining host diversity and functioning of the microbial ecosystem in the extreme environments of Antarctic soil.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.citationAdriaenssens, E. M., Kramer, R., Van Goethem, M. W., Makhalanyane, T. P., Hogg, I. D., & Cowan, D. A. (2017). Environmental drivers of viral community composition in Antarctic soils identified by viromics. Microbiome, 5(83). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0301-7en
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s40168-017-0301-7en_NZ
dc.identifier.issn2049-2618en_NZ
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10289/11468
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherBioMed Centralen_NZ
dc.relation.isPartOfMicrobiomeen_NZ
dc.relation.urihttps://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-017-0301-7en_NZ
dc.rights© 2017The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
dc.subjectViromics
dc.subjectSoil
dc.subjectAntarctica
dc.subjectViral diversity
dc.subjectViral community structure
dc.titleEnvironmental drivers of viral community composition in Antarctic soils identified by viromicsen_NZ
dc.typeJournal Article
pubs.elements-id201405
pubs.issue83en_NZ
pubs.organisational-group/Waikato
pubs.organisational-group/Waikato/FSEN
pubs.organisational-group/Waikato/FSEN/School of Science
pubs.organisational-group/Waikato/Staff
pubs.user.infoHogg, Ian (hogg@waikato.ac.nz)
pubs.volume5en_NZ
uow.verification.statusverified
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