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This series of working papers focuses on the Te Aroha Mining District from 1880-1980, starting with the year when gold was discovered until when the environmental consequences of base metal mining were being tackled. Although the papers always contain a mining element, much more is covered, with background papers dealing not only with the geology and impacts on vegetation and the wider environment but also the consequence for iwi of the search for gold, including the sale of the Aroha Block. Interspersed with papers on the rise and fall of mining are others on some of the leading personalities of the time (and not just miners), which broaden the focus from being just about the Te Aroha district.
Supported by the Historical Research Unit, University of Waikato.
Click on each section below to see a full list of papers:
- No. 1: Introductory Notes to Working Paper Series ‘a Social History of Mining in the Te Aroha Mining District’
- No. 2: The Geology of Te Aroha Mountain
- No. 3: The Physical Environment of the Te Aroha District
- No. 4: The Vegetation of the Te Aroha Area
- No. 5: The Te Aroha Hot Springs (Mainly in the Nineteenth Century)
- No. 6: Pollution in the Te Aroha District Caused by Mining
- No. 7: Developing the Te Aroha District until c. 1910
- No. 8: Special Settlements in the Te Aroha District
- No. 9: The Thames High School Endowment at Waiorongomai
- No. 10: Maori and Pakeha at Te Aroha: The Context: 1: Pakeha Perceptions of Maori
- No. 11: Maori and Pakeha at Te Aroha: The Context: 2: Maori in Hauraki in the Nineteenth Century
- No. 12: Maori Land in Hauraki
- No. 13: The Aroha Block to 1879
- No. 14: The Aroha Block from 1880 Onwards
- No. 15: Ngati Rahiri versus Ngati Tamatera [in 1877]
- No. 16: The Daldy McWilliams ‘Outrage’ of 1879
- No. 17: Maori and Mining in New Zealand and Beyond
- No. 18: Maori and Goldfields Revenue
- No. 19: Hoera Te Mimiha, a Ngati Koi rangatira, and father-in-law of Hone Werahiko
- No. 20: Merea Wikiriwhi and George Thomas Wilkinson, a Native Agent
- No. 21: Lavinia and Henry Dunbar Johnson, who became a Land Court judge
- No. 22: John William Richard Guilding: a ‘Native Interpreter’
- No. 23: William Nicholls, Hera Te Whakaawa, and their children
- No. 24: William Grey Nicholls and Rihitoto Mataia
- No. 25: Joseph Harris Smallman, who prospected at Thames before becoming a Pakeha Maori who farmed near Te Aroha
- No. 26: Maori Te Aroha Before the Opening of the Goldfield (mostly through Pakeha eyes)
- No. 27: Maori at Te Aroha After the Opening of the Goldfield in 1880 (Mostly through Pakeha Eyes)
- No. 28: Maori and Mining at Te Aroha
- No. 29: ‘Revolting Murder at Te Aroha’ in 1881
- No. 30: Karauna Hou: the senior Ngati Rahiri rangatira
- No. 31: Reha Aperahama: a Ngati Rahiri rangatira
- No. 32: Aihe Pepene: a Ngati Rahiri rangatira
- No. 33: Piahana Hou: a Ngati Rahiri rangatira
- No. 34: Keepa Te Wharau: a Ngati Rahiri rangatira
- No. 35: Mokena Hou and his wife Rina
- No. 36: Akuhata Mokena: eldest son of Mokena Hou
- No. 37: Eta Mokena: daughter of Mokena Hou, and her husband, Hare Renata
- No. 38: Ranapia Mokena: son of Mokena Hou
- No. 39: Rewi Mokena: youngest son of Mokena Hou
- No. 40: George Lipsey: a Pakeha Maori who married Ema Mokena, daughter of Mokena Hou, and some of their children
- No. 41: Akuhata Koropango Lipsey: the eldest son of George and Ema
- No. 42: Ani Jane Lipsey, eldest daughter of George, and her husband, Alexander Watson Edwards
- No. 43: Alice Grey Nicholls, daughter of William, and her husband, Charles John Dearle
- No. 44: ‘Pakeha Bill’: William John McClear, a Pakeha who lived at Te Aroha
- No. 45: Prospectors’ Working Lives in General and at Te Aroha in Particular
- No. 46: Miners’ Working Lives in General and at Te Aroha in Particular
- No. 47: Miners’ and Prospectors’ Skills in General and Te Aroha in Particular
- No. 48: The Thames Miners’ Union
- No. 49: Financial Struggles and (rare) Successes of Miners in General and at Te Aroha in Particular
- No. 50: Financing Prospectors and Miners in General and at Te Aroha in Particular
- No. 51: Financing Companies in General and at Te Aroha in Particular
- No. 52: Harry Kenrick: the first Warden of the Te Aroha Mining District
- No. 53: George Wilson: Inspector of Mines at Te Aroha
- No. 54: Charles Gallagher: a mining investor
- No. 55: Daniel Leahy: a prominent Hauraki prospector and miner
- No. 56: Alexander Mackay: a prospector and miner in Hauraki
- No. 57: William Sharman Crawford (Billy) Nicholl: the prospector who discovered the Martha lode at Waihi
- No. 58: John Watson Walker: a leading Hauraki mine manager
- No. 59: James Alexander Pond: an Auckland chemist who was involved in mining
- No. 60: Rumours of Gold at Te Aroha
- No. 61: Hone Werahiko: the discoverer of gold at Te Aroha
- No. 62: Adam Porter: a miner who became a ‘self-made man’
- No. 63: John McSweeney: labourer, miner, farmer, publican
- No. 64: The Discovery of Gold at Te Aroha and its Consequences: January to October 1880
- No. 65: Awaiting the Proclamation of the Te Aroha Goldfield: 1 - 24 November 1880
- No. 66: The Opening Day of the Te Aroha Goldfield: 25 November 1880
- No. 67: The Te Aroha Goldfield From its Opening until Christmas 1880
- No. 68: Mining at Te Aroha Before the Murder in February 1881
- No. 69: The Te Aroha Goldfield is revealed to be a Duffer
- No. 70: The Prospectors’ Claim at Te Aroha
- No. 71: The Aroha Gold Mining Company, formed to work the Prospectors’ Claim at Te Aroha
- No. 72: The Te Aroha Battery, erected in 1881
- No. 73: The Waitoa Prospecting Association/Gold Mining Company
- No. 74: The Golden Hill Gold Mining Company
- No. 75: The Discovery of the Waiorongomai Goldfield in 1881
- No. 76: Before the Battery Started: Mining at Waiorongomai from late 1881 to late 1883
- No. 77: The Piako County Tramway at Waiorongomai
- No. 78: The Firth and Clark Battery at Waiorongomai
- No. 79: The Battery Company, formed to operate the Firth and Clark battery at Waiorongomai
- No. 80: Henry Hopper Adams: a Te Aroha miner who became a mine owner
- No. 81: The First Crushing at Waiorongomai, November 1883
- No. 82: The Strike at Waiorongomai in 1884
- No. 83: An Overview of Mining in the Te Aroha Mining District during the 1880s
- No. 84: The New Find Mine at Waiorongomai
- No. 85: The Eureka Mine at Waiorongomai
- No. 86: Peter Ferguson and his New Era: the second battery at Waiorongomai
- No. 87: The Waitoa Find: a fraudulent discovery near Te Aroha
- No. 88: Thomas Gavin: ‘Tommy Chairman’: a Te Aroha mine manager and local government politician
- No. 89: Edward Kersey Cooper: a mine manager and mine owner in Hauraki
- No. 90: The Goldsworthy Brothers (and James Gribble, a brother-in-law): prominent Hauraki miners
- No. 91: Edward Quinn: a Hauraki mine manager
- No. 92: The Te Aroha Silver and Gold Mining Company: the introduction of Australian capital to Waiorongomai
- No. 93: An Overview of Mining in the Te Aroha Mining District during the 1890s
- No. 94: The Waitoki, Waitoki Extended, Werahiko, Success, Silver King, Cadman, and Bendigo Mines at Waiorongomai
- No. 95: The Mining Boom of the 1890s in New Zealand in general and in Hauraki in particular
- No. 96: The New Zealand Exploration Company and Aroha Gold Mines Ltd: the last introduction of overseas capital to Waiorongomai
- No. 97: Edwin Henry Hardy: a Waiorongomai mine owner
- No. 98: William Morris Newsham: a Te Aroha prospector and miner
- No. 99: An Overview of Mining in the Te Aroha Mining District from the Turn of the Twentieth Century until the Start of the Depression
- No. 100: Hardy’s Mines Ltd, of Waiorongomai
- No. 101: The Bendigo Battery: the last Waiorongomai battery
- No. 102: Charles Manuel: a miner and farmer in the Te Aroha district
- No. 103: Mining in the Te Aroha Mining District during the Depression Years
- No. 104: Prospectors and Investors in the Te Aroha Mining District during the 1930s
- No. 105: Company Formation in the Te Aroha Mining District during the 1930s
- No. 106: Malcolm Hardy: the last Waiorongomai miner
- No. 107: The Tui Mines: a portion of the Te Aroha Mining District
- No. 108: Clement Augustus Cornes: the discoverer of the Tui mines
- No. 109: Edward Cameron: a mine manager in the Tui mines
- No. 110: Joseph Campbell and his Thermo-Hyperphoric Process
- No. 111: The Auckland Smelting Company: developing the Tui mines after the Second World War
- No. 112: Pollution and Norpac: a chronology, to 1980: the legacy of the last mining done at Tui
- No. 113: Te Aroha Township During the First Rush: 1880-1881
- No. 114: Te Aroha, 1882-1889
- No. 115: Te Aroha in the 1890s
- No. 116: Waiorongomai Township
- No. 117: Living in the Bush and at Quartzville, high on the hillside above Waiorongomai
- No. 118: Social Relations and Class Divisions in the Te Aroha District
- No. 119: Neighbourly and Un-neighbourly Behaviour in the Te Aroha District
- No. 120: Private Lives in the Te Aroha District, Mostly in the Nineteenth Century
- No. 121: Physical and Mental Health Issues in the Te Aroha District
- No. 122: The Drink Problem in the Te Aroha District
- No. 123: The Temperance Movement in the Te Aroha District
- No. 124: Religion in the Te Aroha District
- No. 125: Involvement in Political Issues by People living in the Te Aroha District
- No. 126: Women’s Lives in the Te Aroha District
- No. 127: Children’s Lives in the Te Aroha District
- No. 128: Education in the Te Aroha District in the Nineteenth Century
- No. 129: Larrikins in the Te Aroha District, mostly in the Nineteenth Century
- No. 130: Crime in the Te Aroha District, mostly in the Nineteenth Century
- No. 131: Black Americans and Te Aroha Mining
- No. 132: Chinese Involvement in Te Aroha and its Mining
- No. 133: Thomas Quoi: a Chinese restauranteur who invested in Te Aroha mining
- No. 134: Thomas William Carr: a Te Aroha storekeeper and speculator
- No. 135: George Devey: a Te Aroha carpenter and his family
- No. 136: William Dibsell: a pioneer storekeeper in the Te Aroha district
- No. 137: John Allan Dobson: a Te Aroha mine manager
- No. 138: Edward Gallagher: a Te Aroha coach proprietor and local body politician
- No. 139: James Gerrish: Te Aroha’s first bellman
- No. 140: James Gordon: A ‘useful all-round man’ at Te Aroha and elsewhere
- No. 141: Charles Gould: a farmer with land near Te Aroha
- No. 142: John Bernard Kilian: a Waiorongomai publican and his family
- No. 143: Thomas Lawless: a publican at Waiorongomai and elsewhere
- No. 144: Thomas Francis Long: a businessman who prospected at Te Aroha
- No. 145: Thomas McIndoe: a Te Aroha saddler who became an Auckland businessman
- No. 146: Robert and Elizabeth Mackie: a Te Aroha butcher and his family
- No. 147: William Buchanan Maxwell: a veteran who became ‘Te Aroha’s Pet Adornment’
- No. 148: Robert John Michael: a Te Aroha labourer
- No. 149: James Mills: a carpenter who became Te Aroha’s first mayor
- No. 150: Bernard Montague: a contractor and farmer in the Te Aroha district
- No. 151: Denis Murphy: a miner and farmer in the Te Aroha district
- No. 152: William Archibald Murray: a farmer with land near Te Aroha
- No. 153: George Stewart O’Halloran: a pioneer publican and storekeeper at Te Aroha
- No. 154: Michael Dineen O’Keeffe: president of the Thames Miners’ Union
- No. 155: Patrick Quinlan: a publican at Te Aroha and Auckland
- No. 156: Two Roycroft Brothers and two of their Brothers-in-Law, all miners at Te Aroha
- No. 157: John Squirrell: a storekeeper and farmer who mined (briefly) at Te Aroha
- No. 158: David McLean Wallace: a Waiorongomai blacksmith who founded an engineering firm
- No. 159: Harry and Charles: Henry Ernest Whitaker and Charles Stanislaus Stafford at Te Aroha
- No. 160: Alfred Henry Whitehouse: a bootmaker who became a pioneer of New Zealand films