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      Nanostructure of Gasification Charcoal (Biochar).

      Martin, Jacob W.; Nyadong, Leonard; Ducati, Caterina; Manley-Harris, Merilyn; Marshall, Alan G.; Kraft, Markus
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      c4e-Preprint-219.pdf
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      DOI
       10.1021/acs.est.8b06861
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      Martin, J. W., Nyadong, L., Ducati, C., Manley-Harris, M., Marshall, A. G., & Kraft, M. (2019). Nanostructure of Gasification Charcoal (Biochar). Environmental Science & Technology, 53(7), 3538–3546. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b06861
      Permanent Research Commons link: https://hdl.handle.net/10289/13031
      Abstract
      In this work, we investigate the molecular composition and nanostructure of gasification charcoal (biochar) by comparing it with heat-treated fullerene arc-soot. Using ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance and laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy we analyzed charcoal of low tar content obtained from gasification. Mass spectrometry revealed no magic number fullerenes such as C60 or C70 in the charcoal. The positive molecular ion m/ z 701, previously considered a graphitic part of the nanostructure, was found to be a breakdown product of pyrolysis and not part of the nanostructure. A higher mass distribution of ions similar to that found in thermally treated fullerene soot indicates that they share a nanostructure. Recent insights into the formation of all carbon fullerenes reveal that conditions in charcoal formation are not optimal for the formation of fullerenes, but instead, curved carbon structures coalesce into fulleroid-like structures. Microscopy and spectroscopy support such a stacked, fulleroid-like nanostructure, which was explored using reactive molecular dynamics simulations.
      Date
      2019
      Type
      Journal Article
      Rights
      Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. This is an author’s pre-print of an article published in the journal: Environmental Science & Technology. The final publication is available at https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b06861
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