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      Non-binary youth: Access to gender-affirming primary health care

      Clark, Beth A.; Veale, Jaimie; Townsend, Marrie; Frohard-Dourlent, Hélène; Saewyc, Elizabeth M.
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      DOI
       10.1080/15532739.2017.1394954
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      Clark, B. A., Veale, J., Townsend, M., Frohard-Dourlent, H., & Saewyc, E. M. (2018). Non-binary youth: Access to gender-affirming primary health care. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 158–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1394954
      Permanent Research Commons link: https://hdl.handle.net/10289/13291
      Abstract
      Background: Transgender (trans) youth who identify outside the gender binary are a growing subpopulation. In this article, we document differences in access to gender-affirming health care between binary and non-binary identified trans youth and explore ways of meeting the health needs of non-binary youth within primary care settings.

      Methods: The Canadian Trans Youth Health Survey is a national online survey of trans youth, 14–25 years, conducted in 2013–2014. Among the 839 participants who responded to gender identity items in the survey, 41% identified as non-binary. We compared demographic, health outcome, and health care access responses between non-binary and binary (trans girls/women and trans boys/men) youth.

      Results: Non-binary and binary youth were similar in most demographics, including age, geographic distribution, and ethnocultural backgrounds, however a larger proportion (82%) of non-binary youth were assigned female at birth. Older non-binary youth (aged 19–25) were significantly more likely to forego needed healthcare than older binary youth; no significant differences were found between younger (14–18) non-binary and binary youth in foregoing healthcare. Overall, non-binary youth (13%) were significantly less likely than binary youth (52%) to access hormone therapy, but they were more likely than binary youth to report experiencing barriers to accessing hormone therapy when needed.

      Conclusions: Non-binary trans youth in Canada report challenges in accessing needed gender-affirming healthcare. Primary care providers are well-situated to integrate a broad range of gender-affirming care services into practice in order to address the unique needs of non-binary youth. Future research is warranted to explore experiences of non-binary youth related to barriers to care and to explore how services can be designed and delivered to better meet the needs of non-binary youth seeking gender-affirming primary care.
      Date
      2018
      Type
      Journal Article
      Publisher
      Taylor & Francis
      Rights
      This is an author’s accepted version of an article published in the journal: International Journal of Transgenderism. © 2018 Taylor & Francis.
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      • Māori & Psychology Research Unit Papers [257]
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