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dc.contributor.authorCollins, Melissa Anneen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorBrowne, Clare Melodyen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorEdwards, Timothy L.en_NZ
dc.contributor.authorLing, Nicholasen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorTempero, Grant Wayneen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorGleeson, Dianne M.en_NZ
dc.contributor.authorCrockett, Kymberlyen_NZ
dc.contributor.authorQuaife, Jesseen_NZ
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-25T01:01:25Z
dc.date.available2022-10-25T01:01:25Z
dc.date.issued2022en_NZ
dc.identifier.issn0168-1591en_NZ
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10289/15283
dc.description.abstractCarp (Cyprinus sp.) are a highly invasive fish that pose a significant threat to freshwater ecosystems worldwide. At high biomasses (i.e., ≥100 kg/ha), the benthic feeding behaviour of carp can have deleterious ecosystem effects, often changing clear, macrophyte dominant waterbodies to turbid-phytoplankton dominant ecosystems. To prevent carp from reaching ecologically harmful biomasses, early detection (i.e., before population establishment) and rapid control actions are vital. Boat electrofishing, netting, and environmental DNA (eDNA) are commonly used to survey for carp, but these methods can be expensive or time inefficient when fish densities are low. Scent-detection dogs have proven efficacious at detecting terrestrial and aquatic species and could represent an efficient method for early detection of carp invasions. Here, we investigated a dog’s sensitivity and specificity to carp scent using a multiple probe design experiment. The dog was trained to use an automated carousel independently of its handler and assessed water samples from aquaria containing either no fish scent (n = 3, nontarget), goldfish (Carassius auratus) scent (n = 5, non-target) or carp scent (n = 9, target). The goldfish samples and six of the target samples were presented to the dog at a standard fish biomass concentration of 15.5 mg/L. The remaining three target samples (probes) were systematically diluted to determine the dog’s detection threshold. Results showed that the dog could detect carp housed under laboratory conditions down to a dilution equivalent biomass of 9.3 kg/ha (i.e., 0.5 mg carp/L), which is well below the likely biomass threshold of carp known to cause significant ecological impacts. The dog’s scent-detection performance was then compared with eDNA, an existing survey method. Quantitative PCR conducted on DNA extracted from laboratory aquaria filtrate revealed that the species-specific primer could detect carp at 9.3 kg/ha, but amplification rates at this dilution were low, as were all dilutions below the limit of quantification (≈160 kg/ha). These findings suggest that dogs could provide an accurate and highly sensitive method invasive fish detection. However, before deployment as a carp surveillance method, dogs’ performance on water samples collected from natural aquatic systems (i.e., lakes, ponds, rivers) needs to be evaluated. To our knowledge this is the first published study of its kind comparing a dog’s sensitivity to eDNA, and investigating the potential utility of dogs as an invasive fish detection method.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier BVen_NZ
dc.rights© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/).
dc.subjectscent detection dogsen_NZ
dc.subjectenvironmental DNAen_NZ
dc.subjectfreshwateren_NZ
dc.subjectcarpen_NZ
dc.subjectconservationen_NZ
dc.titleHow low can they go: A comparison between dog (Canis familiaris) and environmental DNA detection of invasive koi carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus)en_NZ
dc.typeJournal Article
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105729en_NZ
dc.relation.isPartOfApplied Animal Behaviour Scienceen_NZ
pubs.elements-id299836
pubs.volume255en_NZ
uow.identifier.article-no105729


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