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      Uptake of ΣDDT, arsenic, cadmium, copper, and lead by lettuce and radish grown in contaminated horticultural soils

      Gaw, Sally K.; Kim, Nicholas D.; Northcoot, G. L.; Wilkins, Alistair L.; Robinson, Gavin
      DOI
       10.1021/jf073327t
      Link
       pubs.acs.org
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      Gaw, S. K., Kim, N. D., Northcoot, G. L., Wilkins, A. L. & Robinson, G. (2008). Uptake of ΣDDT, arsenic, cadmium, copper, and lead by lettuce and radish grown in contaminated horticultural soils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(15), 6584-6593.
      Permanent Research Commons link: https://hdl.handle.net/10289/2846
      Abstract
      Horticultural soils can contain elevated concentrations of selected trace elements and organochlorine pesticides as a result of long-term use of agrichemicals and soil amendments. A glasshouse study was undertaken to assess the uptake of weathered ΣDDT {sum of the p,p′- and o,p-isomers of DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane], DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] and DDD[1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane]}, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) residues by lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and radish (Raphanus sativus) from field-aged New Zealand horticultural soils. Concentrations of ΣDDT, DDT, DDE, Cd, Cu, and Pb in lettuce increased with increasing soil concentrations. In radish, similar relationships were observed for ΣDDT, DDE, and Cu. The bioaccumulation factors were less than 1 with the exception of Cd and decreased with increasing soil concentrations. Lettuce Cd concentrations for plants grown on four out of 10 assayed soils were equivalent to or exceeded the New Zealand food standard for leafy vegetables of 0.1 mg kg−1 fresh weight. Concentrations of As, Pb, and ΣDDT did not exceed available food standards. Overall, these results demonstrate that aged residues of ΣDDT, As, Cd, Cu, and Pb in horticultural soils have remained phytoavailable. To be protective of human health, site-specific risk assessments and soil guideline derivations for residential settings with vegetable gardens need to consider the produce consumption pathway.
      Date
      2008
      Type
      Journal Article
      Publisher
      American Chemical Society
      Collections
      • Science and Engineering Papers [3119]
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