Bowen, JudyBainbridge, DavidHinze, AnnikaGarcía Ferrari, Tomás2025-07-142025-07-142024https://hdl.handle.net/10289/17495The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled seamless data capturing, processing, and analysis from the physical world and remote control of interconnected devices. However, due to complex development processes, its potential remains largely untapped by non-expert users. This thesis investigates technical, conceptual, and practical barriers that limit non-expert end-user developers from creating bespoke IoT projects. Based on the premise that simplifying IoT development and providing targeted support can democratise access, this research explores strategies to help end users create and manage IoT projects integrated into their daily lives. To address this, the thesis explores four research areas: the barriers end-user developers encounter when creating custom IoT solutions, the effectiveness of ideation tools in supporting their development process, the challenges involved in assembling and programming IoT systems, and the strategies that enhance effective troubleshooting. A review of the literature reveals that, while substantial research has focused on the technical dimensions of IoT, relatively little attention has been given to making these technologies accessible to non-experts. To bridge this gap, the thesis employs a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, a longitudinal case study, and three user studies to explore the experiences of non-expert users with IoT technologies. The findings highlight that the lack of intuitive tools and resources is a significant barrier to user engagement and project completion. The results underscore the importance of user-centred design in developing IoT support tools and demonstrate that non-experts can effectively create and manage IoT projects with appropriate guidance and resources. However, challenges remain, such as enhancing troubleshooting support and developing intuitive interfaces. This thesis argues that the future of IoT lies in designing accessible tools and systems for a broader audience, with significant implications for inclusivity and ease of use. Future research should focus on refining these tools, understanding the cognitive processes of end-user development, and exploring new methods for integrating IoT into everyday life. This work contributes to developing a more inclusive IoT ecosystem accessible to all users, regardless of their technical expertise.enAll items in Research Commons are provided for private study and research purposes and are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated.End-User Development (EUD)Internet of Things (IoT)Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)Design-Led ResearchThesis