Piercy-Cameron, GemmaStarkey, Nicola J.Liu, Jia Qi2026-07-232026-07-232026https://hdl.handle.net/10289/18467As part of the New Zealand National Smokefree policy, vaping is banned in public areas for example, public transport, schools and University campuses. Despite the policy and signage on campuses, like the University of Waikato, vaping behaviour still occurs. To understand the occurrence of vaping on campus, this study used the Theory of Planned Behaviour to examine how e-cigarette users’ attitude, their social groups' attitude and self-control influence their intention to vape on campus; and where on campus e-cigarette users choose to vape. The study included 152 participants who completed an online questionnaire, yielding 92 usable responses. The results showed that e-cigarette users with a more positive attitude towards vaping behaviour and lower perceived behavioural control (PBC) were more likely to plan to vape on campus. Results indicated that e-cigarette users who vape on campus and those who do not significantly differ in attitude, subjective norms, PBC. Results also suggested that people with longer vaping duration and more frequent daily vaping were more likely to vape on campus. The vaping spots where e-cigarette users were more likely to choose were the edge of the campus (76%), the field/lake (48%), walking on the campus (45%), public bathroom (38%), and student accommodation - bedroom (28%). Overall, this study indicates the importance of attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC in influencing vaping behaviour. This study extends the Theory of Planned Behaviour to address a gap in the analysis of on-campus vaping behaviour and offers new insights into the psychological drivers of vaping to inform efforts to mitigate its occurrence. These findings could be used to identify target groups and locations for promoting campus smokefree policy and designing educational campaigns to reduce vaping on campus and prevent vaping.enAll items in Research Commons are provided for private study and research purposes and are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated.psychologyThe theory of planned behaviourvapeThesis