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Exploring prompt engineering for grapevine pruning decision making with limited data
(Australian Robotics & Automation Association (ARAA), 2025) He, Wanrui; McGuinness, Benjamin; Holmes, Geoffrey; Fletcher, Dale; Duke, Mike; Au, Chi Kit; Williams, Henry A. M.; Smith, David; Lim, Shen Hin
To address the challenges posed by the shortage of agricultural labour, this paper explores the use of Prompt Engineering (PE) to guide Large Language Models (LLMs) for grapevine pruning decision-making. Based on real grapevine images and structured data, five prompt templates were designed and tested on four mainstream LLMs: Gemma-3, Llama-4, Gemini 2.5 Pro, and GPT-o3. Experimental results show that some models excel in consistency—GPT-o3 achieved full consistency (1.0) under Prompt 3, and Gemma-3 performed well under Prompts 2 and 3 (0.98 and 0.96). However, inter-model agreement remained low (Fleiss’ Kappa < 0.07) across all conditions. These findings confirm the feasibility of using PE to simulate expert pruning in data-scarce environments and offer insights for building scalable, interpretable decision-support systems in agriculture.
Microfoundations of accountability when transparency is constrained: Moral and relational practices in Tonga's public sector
(Emerald, 2026) Uele, Iki Mafi; Ranasinghe, Dinithi; Akroyd, Chris
Purpose: This study examines how accountability is enacted in everyday financial practice in Tonga's public sector by analysing the microfoundations through which public servants interpret, negotiate, and resolve accountability demands. It addresses an unresolved theoretical puzzle in accountability research: why strong moral responsibility can coexist with constrained procedural transparency. Rather than treating accountability outcomes as the product of institutional design alone, the study investigates how relational ethics, cultural obligations, and moral reasoning simultaneously enable accountability while limiting formal disclosure and contestation. Design/methodology/approach: The study adopts a qualitative, interpretive research design grounded in talanoa, a Pacific dialogic methodology suited to eliciting morally and relationally embedded practices. Data were generated through in-depth talanoa with public servants across ministries and hierarchical levels in Tonga. Analysis follows a microfoundations perspective, tracing how individual-level moral judgements, emotional regulation, relational obligations, and discretionary practices aggregate into patterned organisational accountability outcomes. Findings: The findings show that accountability in Tonga is enacted as a lived ethical practice rather than a purely procedural one. Moral self-regulation, faith-based responsibility, prudential judgement in budgeting, respect for hierarchy, and relational dialogue sustain strong accountability. At the same time, these same mechanisms constrain procedural transparency by discouraging escalation, formal contestation, and explicit disclosure. Accountability is therefore realised through a double-edged configuration in which moral responsibility is strengthened even as formal transparency becomes ethically, relationally, or politically costly. Originality/value: The study contributes to accounting and accountability scholarship by offering a microfoundational explanation of why transparency deficits persist despite strong ethical commitment. It reframes constrained transparency not as an informational or enforcement failure, but as an outcome of morally embedded accountability practices. By theorising accountability as an emergent configuration of moral, emotional, and relational mechanisms, the paper advances understanding of how accountability is simultaneously enabled and constrained in relational public-sector contexts, with implications for accountability reform in developing and culturally plural settings.
Defining sets which intersect each Latin trade at least twice
(Elsevier, 2026) Bean, Richard; Cavenagh, Nicholas J.
A defining set of a Latin square is a partially filled-in Latin square which completes to no other Latin square of the same order. We introduce the concept of a k -strong defining set, in which if less than k entries are deleted, the property of being a defining set is retained. Equivalently, a k -strong defining set intersects every Latin trade in the Latin square at least k times. In the addition table for integers modulo n , when n is even we determine the minimum size of a k -strong defining set for any k . For odd n we give a construction for a minimally 2-strong defining set. We furthermore give computational results for Latin squares of small orders.
Social Capital is critical to perseverance at university during COVID-19: Pasifika students in Fiji, New Zealand and Solomon Islands universities
(University of Sydney, 2022) Dorovolomo, Jeremy; Laulaupea’alu, Siuta; Rafiq, Loriza Zinnie; Rodie, Patricia; Fito’o, Billy
This study investigated how university students in two Pacific Island contexts coped with the shift to remote learning caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers aimed to investigate the social capital of a group of Pasifika university students in New Zealand and the Solomon Islands based in Fiji and the Solomon Islands during COVID-19 and how they coped with the rapid shift to remote learning. Social capital refers to building relationships and networks to deal with collective issues in the present and future. The researchers used tokstori to collect data from Solomon Islands students and talanoa in New Zealand. Sixteen Solomon Islanders participated in tokstoris and ongoing Pasifika students’ talanoa and faikava (kava consumption) to share concerns and challenges to their academic studies and lives. Deductive in nature, the analysis found that communication with fellow students, often via digital media, and interaction with supportive staff helped their success. Furthermore, getting in touch with the family and following COVID-19 protective practices helped students adjust positively. Being able to ‘tap’ the social resources within these spaces helped build perseverance, resilience and strong social capital. The research findings show the importance of individuals, student communities and institutions consciously strengthening social networks among students during a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Navigating the challenges of wearables: A case study of research-grade devices
(ACM, 2025) Konig, Jemma; Bidois, Ben; Manchester, Ryan; Head, Mitchell; Owen, Mahonri; Hoskens, Merel; Dwivedi, Anany; August, Luke; Fredericks, Joel; Yoo, Soojeong; Tran, Tram Thi Minh; Pantidi, Nadia; Hoang, Thuong; Hoggenmueller, Marius; Caldwell, Glenda; Tag, Benjamin; Andres, Josh; Davis, Hilary; Boden, Marie; Zhu, Howe; Harman, Joel; Rahman, Jessica
The use of wearable devices in HCI research is becoming more common. However, it is also widely accepted that there are challenges associated with the use of wearable devices. Researchers have investigated generalized challenges, and more recently, challenges associated with low-cost commercial devices. Yet, little work has been published on the challenges of working with higher-cost research-grade devices. In this paper, we use a case study to explore the challenges associated with research-grade devices, and compare these challenges with those that have been identified by other researchers. The case study involves the use of two research-grade devices to record a series of physiological data-points. The case study identified one new challenge that is associated with research-grade wearable devices (setup complexity (researcher adoption)) and highlighted similarities between generalized challenges, low-cost device challenges, and research-grade challenges. The findings from this work can be used to further investigate challenges associated with wearable devices.