Temperature and plant genotype alter alkaloid concentrations in ryegrass infected with an epichloё endophyte and this affects an insect herbivore.

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dc.contributor.authorHenessey, Louise M.en_NZ
dc.contributor.authorPopay, Alison J.en_NZ
dc.contributor.authorFinch, Sarah C.en_NZ
dc.contributor.authorClearwater, Michael J.en_NZ
dc.contributor.authorCave, Vanessa M.en_NZ
dc.date.accessioned2016-07-19T03:08:27Z
dc.date.available2016en_NZ
dc.date.available2016-07-19T03:08:27Z
dc.date.issued2016en_NZ
dc.description.abstractAsexual Epichloё endophytes colonise agricultural forage grasses in a relationship which is mutually beneficial and provides the host plant with protection against herbivorous insects. The endophyte strain AR37 (Epichloё festucae var. lolii) produces epoxy-janthitrem alkaloids and is the only endophyte known to provide ryegrass with resistance against porina larvae (Wiseana cervinata (Walker)), a major pasture pest in cooler areas of New Zealand. This study examined the effect of temperature on concentrations of epoxy-janthitrems in AR37-infected ryegrass and determined how the resulting variations in concentration affected consumption, growth and survival of porina larvae. Twenty replicate pairs of perennial (Lolium perenne L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) plants with and without endophyte were prepared by cloning, with one of each pair grown at either high (20°C) or low (7°C) temperature. After 10 weeks, herbage on each plant was harvested, divided into leaf and pseudostem, then freeze dried and ground. Leaf and pseudostem material was then incorporated separately into semi-synthetic diets which were fed to porina larvae in a bioassay over 3 weeks. Epoxy-janthitrem concentrations within the plant materials and the semi-synthetic diets were analysed by HPLC. AR37-infected ryegrass grown at high temperature contained high in planta concentrations of epoxy-janthitrem (30.6 µg/g in leaves and 83.9 µg/g in pseudostems) that had a strong anti-feedant effect on porina larvae when incorporated into their diets, reducing their survival by 25-42% on pseudostems. In comparison, in planta epoxy-janthitrem concentrations in AR37-infected ryegrass grown at low temperature were very low (0.67 µg/g in leaves and 7.4 µg/g in pseudostems) resulting in a small anti-feedant effect in perennial but not in Italian ryegrass. Although alkaloid concentrations were greatly reduced by low temperature this reduction did not occur until after 4 weeks of exposure. Alkaloid concentrations were slightly lower in Italian than in perennial ryegrass and concentrations were higher in the pseudostems when compared with the leaves. In conclusion, epoxy-janthitrems expressed by the AR37 endophyte show strong activity against porina larvae. However, when ryegrass plants are grown at a constant low temperature for an extended period of time in planta epoxy-janthitrem concentrations are greatly reduced and are lessen_NZ
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.citationHenessey, L. M., Popay, A. J., Finch, S. C., Clearwater, M. J., & Cave, V. M. (2016). Temperature and plant genotype alter alkaloid concentrations in ryegrass infected with an epichloё endophyte and this affects an insect herbivore. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 1097–1097. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01097en
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fpls.2016.01097en_NZ
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10289/10545
dc.language.isoenen_NZ
dc.publisherFrontiers Mediaen_NZ
dc.relation.isPartOfFrontiers in Plant Scienceen_NZ
dc.relation.urihttp://home.frontiersin.org/about/contacten_NZ
dc.rights© 2016 Hennessy, Popay, Finch, Clearwater and Cave. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
dc.titleTemperature and plant genotype alter alkaloid concentrations in ryegrass infected with an epichloё endophyte and this affects an insect herbivore.en_NZ
dc.typeJournal Article
pubs.begin-page1097
pubs.elements-id139789
pubs.end-page1097
pubs.issueJULY2016en_NZ
pubs.notesQA:http://home.frontiersin.org/about/review-system. Attachment is a provisional PDF.en_NZ
pubs.organisational-group/Waikato
pubs.organisational-group/Waikato/FSEN
pubs.organisational-group/Waikato/FSEN/School of Science
pubs.publication-statusAccepteden_NZ
pubs.volume7en_NZ
uow.identifier.article-noARTN 1097en_NZ
uow.verification.statusverified
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