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Research Commons is the University of Waikato's open access research repository, housing research publications and theses produced by the University's staff and students.
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Item Financing green innovation startups: a systematic literature review on early-stage SME funding(Journal Article, Taylor & Francis, 2024)This paper investigates the critical issue of financing early-stage green startups, examining the types of investors and finance models available, the challenges these startups face, and how the green finance ecosystem can better support early-stage investment. Utilizing a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the current landscape. Our findings reveal a significant paucity of data and a bias towards well-established North American and European ecosystems, while highlighting an emerging diversity in private finance sources post-Global financial crisis (GFC), including grants, equity, and crowdfunding. Despite this, there remains a heavy reliance on public funding and a lack of evidence regarding its impact. The inherent characteristics of cleantech–high capital expenditure, long investment horizons, and disruptive nature–necessitate innovative public financing instruments and policies to reduce risk and attract private investment. Our theoretical contribution highlights the necessity for interdisciplinary research and policy collaboration to develop a holistic entrepreneurial finance (entfin) ecosystem. This approach should integrate quantitative economic and qualitative behavioural finance research to address information asymmetries and improve the green economy policy mix. Such a framework will support public-private co-financing, enhance stakeholder engagement, and provide evidence for policy decisions, facilitating more rapid commercialization of cleantech innovations for environmental sustainability.Item Improving cervical screening rates among sexual minorities: Insights from Aotearoa New Zealand(Journal Article, Wiley, 2024)Issue Addressed: Sexual minority women (SMW) experience inequities in health outcomes. The extant literature consistently suggests that SMW are much less likely than their heterosexual peers to engage in cervical screening. Using participant's voices, the focus of this study was to explore the ways in which cervical screening rates for SMW might be improved. Methods: An online survey was completed by SMW (N = 177) aged 25–69 based in Aotearoa New Zealand and representing a range of sexual identities, ethnicities, and geographical regions. The analysis presented here was derived from open-ended qualitative responses to a single survey item: What do you think could be done to encourage more SMW (lesbians, wahine takatāpui, bisexual women, etc.) to engage in smear testing?. Results: Analysis of the data generated three main themes around how public health services could encourage more SMW to engage in cervical screening: Inclusive health services, clarity of information, and targeted health promotion. Conclusion: The analysis showed that the inherent heteronormativity among health care professionals and the lack of clear and consistent information specific to SMW may be key factors contributing to lower rates of engagement in screening. So What?: Given that not engaging in screening is the main risk factor for cervical cancer, it is imperative that active consideration is given to these issues with a view to increasing participation rates among SMW.Publication Shifting deficit perspectives of teacher-parent partnerships: Post-covid teacher stories(Conference Contribution, International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME), 2024)In this oral communication we focus on primary school mathematics teacher practices, in the post-Covid context, that enabled (or not) mathematical learning partnerships with parents, and the parent responses to these practices, as storied by the teachers. We address the questions: (1) How are primary school mathematics teachers engaging with and supporting parents in the post-Covid context, particularly regarding supporting learners’ mathematical learning? and (2) How are parents (according to teachers) responding to the efforts of teachers to encourage their engagement with the mathematical learning of their child?Item PoT-PolKA: Let the edge control the proof-of-transit in path-aware networks(Journal Article, IEEE, 2024)This paper presents a scalable and efficient solution for secure network design that involves the selection and verification of network paths. The proposal addresses the challenges related to compliance policies by introducing a Proof-of-Transit (PoT) feasible implementation for path-aware programmable networks. Our approach relies on i) a source routing mechanism based on a fixed routeID representing a unique identifier per path, which serves as a key for PoT lookup tables; ii) the “in situ” that allows to collect telemetry information in the packet while the packet traverses a path. The former enables path selection with policy at the edge, while the later allows to perform path verification without extra probe-traffic. A P4 programmable language prototype demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach to protect against deviation attacks with low overhead. The results show its scalability considering the protocol overhead as the path length increases; a significant reduction in network’s forwarding state for fat-tree topologies depending on the workload per path (flows/path). Finally, experimental results show a RTT comparison evaluation, the impact of PoT computation, protection to path deviation and seamless path migration keeping flow protection.Publication Proxy evidence of relative sea level change indicators and implications Raglan (Whaingaroa) harbour New Zealand(Thesis, The University of Waikato, 2024)Geological observations and macrofossil dating of 4 raised marine terraces reveal active tectonic displacement in the Raglan Harbour, New Zealand (NZ). The 120 km-long harbour shoreline displays multiple examples of block-faulting, stratigraphic displacement, and fresh stress release fracture zones within rock sea-cliffs. Tide-zone rock platforms are indicative of a long-term uplift trend within a major portion of the harbour. Vertical land movement (VLM) rates are found to vary at different locations, signifying active fault displacement. Six proxies establish VLM magnitude and timing constraints applicable to the last 7 decades. One further proxy establishes maximum relative sea level (RSL) throughout the last 23.5 Ka at a specific location in the harbour. Seventeen 14C dated macrofossils from 4 raised marine terraces identified 2 groups of ages: pMC ~ 1 to 6.5 Ca yr BP and ̴ 6.5 Ka yr BP respectively. Tide dissolution notches in rocks identifiable in historical photographs are compared with modern equivalents at 2 locations. These depict no apparent change in the upper dissolution notch boundary elevations since 1910. Characterisation and U-Th dating of a speleothem located ̴ 0.4 m above the modern high tide level signifies that RSL is near its ̴ 23.5 Ka maximum at this location. Historic aerial imagery identifies a marine terrace that uplifted by < 0.4 m within the period 1979 to 1997. A fault demarcates this feature from a second terrace with stratigraphic evidence of a markedly different VLM history, indicating that the fault is active. Raised trace fossil castings exposed in the foreshore’s mid-tide zone further substantiates evidence of relatively recent uplift at this location.
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