Permanent URI for this collection
This collection houses the individual papers from the following symposium:
Levy, M., Nikora, L.W., Masters-Awatere, B., Rua, M. & Waitoki, W. (Eds). (2008). Claiming Spaces: Proceedings of the 2007 National Maori and Pacific Psychologies Symposium 23rd-24th November 2007. Hamilton, New Zealand: Māori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato.
Copyright © Māori & Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato 2008. Each contributor has permitted the Maori and Psychology Research Unit to publish their work in this collection. No part of the material protected in this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the contributor concerned.
ISBN: 978‐0‐473‐13577‐5
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Publication Māori experiences of bipolar disorder: pathways to recovery(Report, Te Pou o Te Whakaaro Nui, 2014) Waitoki, Waikaremoana; Nikora, Linda Waimarie; Harris, Parewahaika Erenora Te Korowhiti; Levy, Michelle PatriciaThe findings of this research highlighted pathways into mental illness for Maori that could have been avoided earlier. The pathways to recovery however, showed the critical importance of maintaining connections with significant family members over the lifespan. Exposure to varying levels of childhood adversity, such as sexual and physical violence, parental mental illness, multiple and/or abusive foster care, and abandonment issues led to acute levels of post-traumatic stress, substance abuse, poor relationship choices, depression, anxiety and safety issues.Publication National Maori and Pacific psychologies symposium: Claiming spaces(Journal Article, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Levy, Michelle Patricia; Nikora, Linda Waimarie; Waitoki, Waikaremoana; Rua, Mohi; Masters-Awatere, BridgetteIn 2002 the Maori and Psychology Research Unit made a valuable contribution to the teaching and practice of psychology in Aotearoa via the two day Maori Graduates of Psychology Symposium: Making a Difference. Mid-way through 2006, our collective memories of the hard work in 2002 diminished, so much so that we once again considered hosting a similar event. Building on the foundations laid in 2002, the theme of the 2007 symposium was "Claiming Spaces", with our focus expanding to include peoples of the Pacific. This theme reflected that the time had come for Maori and Pacific Psychologies to move from the margins and claim legitimate space within psychology. It recognized that here in Aotearoa we have the potential to be pioneers in the development of psychologies relevant and applicable to Maori and Pacific peoples, and to better understand what science, culture and practice means when indigenous and cultural world views are prioritised. It was an inclusive theme, with the programme comprising presentations led by Maori and Pacific psychologists, graduates of psychology and psychology students. These presentations reflected on and made connections to the theme of "Claiming Spaces".Publication Claiming collective space: Kaupapa Maori in psychology(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Levy, Michelle Patricia; Amuketi, Tamati; Lane, CatherineFrom its inception, the Psychology Department at the University of Waikato has had a focus on issues of culture, particularly those of relevance for Maori, with these early foundations laid by Emeritus Professor James Ritchie, who in 1965 took up the founding chair of the Department. These foundations have continued to be built on, utilising a variety of different strategies. Drawing on a research base which has emerged primarily from within the Maori and Psychology Research Unit at Waikato University, this paper explores strategies which have served to carve out and claim space for Maori, both within the department, and within the wider discipline of psychology.Publication Voicing the unspoken: Breaking through the barriers of mainstream institutionalized deafness to Pacific therapeutic practices(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) ‘Ofa Makasiale, Cabrini; Patterson, Seilosa; Silipa, Nua; Tupou, Fia; Nelson, Margaret Agee; Culbertson, PhilipThis paper explores the development of two significant crosscultural research projects in Pasifika psychology. Both projects were designed to speak into the “silent space” of unexplored Pasifika practices and needs in the field of mental health.Publication Opening address(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Levy, Michelle Patricia; Waitoki, Waikaremoana; Rua, Mohi; Masters-Awatere, Bridgette; Nikora, Linda WaimarieIn 2002, the Māori and Psychology Research Unit at the University of Waikato made a valuable contribution to the teaching and practice of psychology in Aotearoa, via the Māori Graduates of Psychology Symposium. The symposium in 2002, with its theme of “Making a Difference” was designed to: provide an opportunity for exposure to role models; bring together Māori graduates of psychology to network and share information; and through the publication and dissemination of the Symposium proceedings provide a resource for teaching and practice in psychology. With over 100 delegates and 30 presentations, the 2002 symposium was widely acknowledged as a success. It resulted in the compilation of proceedings which have become a valuable resource in psychology. While there have been informal gatherings and ongoing networking over the past five years, there have been no formal gatherings since that time. We at the Māori and Psychology Research Unit consider it timely in 2007, five years on, to convene another Symposium. Our conversations with Pacific psychologists and recognition of the ties which exist between us as Pacific nations, saw our focus expand to include Pacific psychologists and psychologies.Publication Closing Plenary(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Sawrey, Richard; Tarabe, Akanisi; Love, Catherine; Berryman, Mere; Ruwhiu, Leland; Olo-Whangaa, Epenesa; Faleafa, MoniqueThe closing session of the symposium was a plenary session in which invited speakers were asked to make brief critical and reflective comment on the symposium theme and future directions regarding Māori and Pacific psychologies.Publication Spill-over of sustainability values and practices - a psychology PhD thesis proposal(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Rua, Mohi; Nikora, Linda WaimarieThe following presentation relates to my proposed PhD topic. As an audience you’re probably reading the title and wondering what relevance my topic has to the symposium theme Claiming Spaces. My immediate response is ‘nothing’. Nada, zilch, kore. As a ‘fill-in’ speaker for a presenter unable to be here, I’m reminded that despite my topics irregularity in the programme, I claim a space as both a psychologist and Maori person seeking to work with in the field of sustainability and conservation. Psychologists and Maori are interested in more than mental health and clinical investigation. We are interested in how the world goes around and seek to claim a space here too. So, this symposium and my participation DOES have relevance and I’d like to acknowledge those who remind me so. Let’s take a peep into my world for the next 3 years.Publication Claiming spaces: Prioritising Maaori worldview(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Penehira, Mera; Doherty, Lyn; Gray, Aroha; Spark, ElaineOhomairangi Trust was established as a provider of early intervention services in February 2002. It is funded and accredited by the Ministry of Education, and is the first Kaupapa Maaori based early intervention service to be accredited by the Ministry of Education. Essentially Ohomairangi was developed because of a need in the community for a service that could focus on developing and providing early intervention in a uniquely Maaori way, without the constraints of a crown agency. The Ohomairangi early intervention team has a commitment to supporting both the positive developments for Maaori within the Ministry of Education, and the continued independent research and development of Kaupapa Maaori services. The primary purpose of Ohomairangi is to develop and provide a Kaupapa Maaori based early intervention service across Taamaki Makaurau, which meets recommended practice guidelines. This evolves from a starting point of Kaupapa Maaori theory.Publication Interpreting & practicing kaupapa Māori research in a community setting: The in’s and out’s(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Thompson, Keri; Barnett, Alison ReremoanaPou Tuia Rangahau is a unique community based research unit based within a kaupapa Māori organisation. Kaupapa Māori methodologies are utilised, with the importance of these methodologies being that Māori are defining the process, doing the research for and about Māori, with the eventual outcome being meaningful to Māori. This paper is placed within this wider context of Kaupapa Māori and how it applies to the practice of research in particular. We discuss how we interpret and practice Kaupapa Māori Research (KMR) within an urban community based organisation by highlighting a particular piece of research that was undertaken by Pou Tuia Rangahau, the Research Unit of Te Runanga O Kirikiriroa Trust Inc.Publication DrownBaseTM – Identifying at risk factors: Strategies and issues around Māori practices and activities towards water safety(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Karapu, Rolinda; Haimona, Mark; Takurua, NātanaAotearoa has some of the most extensive and beautiful waterways in the world. The seas, rivers, beaches, and lakes provide endless opportunities for Māori to enjoy water activities, such as gathering kai, swimming, hoe waka, diving and fishing (Haimona & Takurua, 2003). For Māori, water is one of the greatest taonga (treasures) of this land – both physically and spiritually. Māori have always been acknowledged as possessing expertise in swimming and aquatic activities pre-European times (Haimona & Takurua, 2003). Early writers such as Best (1976) wrote extensively about Māori games and pastimes while in, on or near the water. These early descriptions illustrate the practice that Māori children were taught to swim at a very early age. The gathering of seafood and the consistent use of waterways as a mode of transport were also customary activities for Māori. The traditional beliefs and practices of Māori, demonstrate a great awareness and understanding of water, its dangers and its life-giving properties.Publication Mokopuna rising: Developing a best practice for early intervention in whanau violence(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Cooper, EranaIn a very difficult meeting, an extremely unpleasant man was concerned about the possible loss of his power and the continuation of his plans and dreams for the future. And I said, yeah well, you should be worried, because according to your philosophy, when you’re dead, you’re dead. But when I’m dead, my mokopuna will be rising. (Personal Communication, Rob Cooper, 2007) “Mokopuna Rising” is about claiming space for Maori to define best practice for reducing and avoiding whanau violence1 It is research in progress towards a PhD, being carried out with the Ngati Hine Health Trust, in Te Taitokerau (Northland).Publication Ideology is theft: Thoughts on the legitimacy of a Maori psychology(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Tamatea, Armon J.‘War, in fact, can be seen as a process of achieving equilibrium among unequal technologies’ (McLuhan, 1964) We are at war. As Western science and its accompanying technology expands the frontiers of knowledge at an ever-increasing rate, ‘indigenous’ perspectives of knowledge are exiled into the borderlands of special interest groups and localized research programmes. Mainstream scientific thought lays claim to objective interpretations of experience at the expense of alternative realities offered by emerging theories of knowledge. Furthermore, as localized worldviews (i.e., those derived from ancestral knowledge bases and pre-industrial or non-scientific premises) challenge existing paradigms, the inevitable interactions threaten to undermine the fidelity of this knowledge. One such arena where this ideological conflict is apparent is the growing field of Maori psychology.Publication Claiming space and restoring harmony within hui whakatika(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Berryman, Mere; Bateman, SonjaThe time has come for indigenous, specifically Māori psychologies, to move from the margins, and claim legitimate space within the discipline of psychology (MPRU, 2007). Phinney and Rotheram (1987) argue that there are ethnicallylinked ways of thinking, feeling and acting that are acquired through socialisation. The message implicit in this statement has profound implications for a discipline that seeks to understand and respond to the intricacies of human behaviour. Although the epistemological paradigms emerging from the experiences of indigenous minorities such as Māori may offer a challenge to mainstream knowledge and perspectives (Gordon, 1997), it is clear that disregarding such alternatives may well leave the discipline of psychology impoverished. On the other hand, paying attention to alternative paradigms may well serve to enrich this discipline. This paper presents two successful Hui Whakatika that were led by Māori in mainstream settings. Particular dimensions of, and congruencies between both are explored. The first highlights the vital role of a kaumatua in facilitating and guiding the entire process; the second focuses on the role and experiences of a kaitakawaenga as he works collaboratively with whānau members to find resolution and restore harmony.Publication A nui wave encountering psychology from the shores of the Pacific(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Siautu, AlefaioThe worldview of Pacific nations which lie within the vast ocean of the South Pacific is yet to be uncovered in the world of psychology. Since the first wave of migrants to the shores of Aotearoa,/New Zealand, many differing pathways have evolved for the children of the Pacific sojourners. Pasefika youth are emerging as an influential force in youth culture today. However, these highly visible pockets of Pasefika talent mask the reality of overcrowded housing, poor health, lowincomes, tailend educational achievement, and the frequent experience of issues to do with cultural identity and values (Tiatia, 1988; Taule’alea’usumai, 1997). Within these areas of concern Pasefika people will encounter ‘helping professions’ such as psychology. It is a discipline which has historically been devoted to understanding the human ‘psyche’ or ‘soul’. Most of this body of knowledge however is derived from European contexts. The South Pacific has now produced a generation of Pasefika academics that are crisscrossing the globe with pioneering theoretical frameworks specific to our region. It is within this framework that I present to you my current thinking and its intent of ‘claiming our legitimate space’.Publication Utilising matauranga Maori to improve the social functioning of tangata whaiora in Maori mental health services(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Wirihana, RebeccaMaori mental health services under the Auckland District Health Board (ADHB) have been utilising Matauranga Maori as a key community based intervention since the closing of the kaupapa Maori inpatient service (Manawaanui) in 2003. Kapa haka has been a central component in the provision of the marae based recovery programmes. The following paper is a review of the development and progress.Publication Hoea a mai tōu waka – Claiming spaces for Māori tamariki and rangatahi in cognitive behaviour therapy(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Cargo, TaniaCognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an effective therapeutic intervention for a variety of psychological difficulties for children and youth (Barrett, Healey-Farrell, March, 2004; Stulemeijer, de Jong, Fiselier, Hoogveld, Bleijenberg, 2005; Butler, Chapman, Forman & Beck, 2006). However there is very little literature on its utility with indigenous children or youth, most of the literature has tended to look at “minority” populations and has focused on psychological outcomes (Weersing & Weisz, 2002; McNeil, Capage, Bennett, 2002).Publication Mental health inpatient services: Improving our understanding of the needs of Maori when acutely unwell(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Wharewera-Mika, JulieThere are many possible explanations for the pattern of Maori overrepresentation in mental health acute services. This research project focuses on how services can optimally meet the needs of Maori to improve outcomes. This doctoral research in progress is about claiming space for Maori to have a voice in identifying factors that contribute to recovery and Whanau Ora, and offering recommendations to improve the effectiveness of existing services to better meet the needs of Maori Tangata Whaiora and Whanau.Publication The adaptation of cognitive behavioural therapy for adult Maori clients with depression: A pilot study(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Bennett, Simon T.; Flett, Ross A.; Babbage, Duncan R.A semistructured cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) programme for depression was adapted for use with Maori adult clients with depression. Adaptations were developed in consultation with an advisory group consisting of Maori clinical psychologists and kaumatua with experience working in mental health services. The programme was piloted with 2 participants who were clients of a Maori mental health service. The programme builds on a more traditional CBT treatment programme by integrating concepts such as whakatauki, whanaungatanga, whanau involvement, and whakapapa into the therapeutic context. Despite limitations the results demonstrate considerable promise. Depressive symptoms increased substantially in both cases and both clients reflected positively on the adaptations incorporated into therapy.Publication Te whanau o te maungarongo hikoi: Maori practice in motion (3 July 2006 to 9 July 2006)(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Gilgen, MaynardWhat you are about to read is, in the main, a narrative. This narrative is designed to do two things. On one level it simply provides an explanation of how Puti and John Snowden used the funding received for this project. This document is therefore a demonstration of their accountability for the monies received. On another, far deeper, level this document operates to demonstrate to the reader the real power of the traditional concepts of whanaungatanga, whakapapa, tikanga, wairua, and manaakitanga. The adults, youths and elders who embarked on this journey had experiences that are not easily explained in written form. This document must try to achieve this task, and only a narrative that attempts to show these traditional concepts in action can do it.Publication What’s in a title? The use of honorifics in media coverage(Conference Contribution, Maori and Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato, 2008) Nikora, Linda Waimarie; Te Pohe, YvonneOn the 15th August 2006, Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu (referred to in this paper as Te Arikinui) passed away at the age of 75 years old after serving the Kingitanga movement for forty years. Her passing heralded the movement of large numbers of people to Turangawaewae marae where she lay in state. Intensive media coverage played a significant role in representing who Te Arikinui was, in profiling the Kingitanga movement and activities associated with the tangi as it progressed from the 15th to the 21st August 2006. While we may be able to identify a “correct” honorific for Te Arikinui, our findings suggest that its understanding and use by mainstream television news media presenters, reporters and interviewees is a matter influenced by ethnic and cultural politics. The preferred use of titles by Maori and non-Maori sets up a process where representations of Te Ariki are contested. To non-Maori she is a “Dame”. To Maori, she is Te Arikinui. Through further analysis and theorising we will endeavour to further discuss the nature of these politics and the differences between Maori and non-Maori representations of Te Arikinui.