Unique but diverse: some observations on the formation, structure, and morphology of halloysite
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Citation
Export citationChurchman, G. J., Pasbakhsh, P., Lowe, D. J., & Theng, B. K. G. (2016). Unique but diverse: some observations on the formation, structure, and morphology of halloysite. Clay Minerals, 51(3), 395–416. http://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2016.051.3.14
Permanent Research Commons link: https://hdl.handle.net/10289/10687
Abstract
New insights from the recent literature are summarised and new data presented concerning the formation, structure and morphology of halloysite. Halloysite formation by weathering always requires the presence of water. Where substantial drying occurs, kaolinite is formed instead. Halloysite formation is favoured by a low pH. The octahedral sheet is positively charged at pH < ~8, whereas the tetrahedral sheet is negatively charged at pH > ~2. The opposing sheet charge would facilitate interlayer uptake of H₂O molecules. When halloysite intercalates certain polar organic molecules, additional (hkl) reflections appear in the X-ray diffractogram, suggesting layer re-arrangement which, however, is dissimilar to that in kaolinite. Associated oxides and oxyhydroxides of Fe and Mn may limit the growth of halloysite particles as does incorporation of Fe into the structure. Particles of different shape and iron content may occur within a given sample of halloysite.
Date
2016-10-11Type
Publisher
Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
Rights
This is an author’s accepted version of an article published in the journal: Clay Minerals. © 2016 The Mineralogical Society