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      Ancient landscapes of the Namib Desert harbor high levels of genetic variability and deeply divergent lineages for Collembola.

      Collins, Gemma Elyse; Hogg, Ian D.; Baxter, Janine R.; Maggs-Kölling, Gillian; Cowan, Don A.
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      Collins_et_al-2019-Ecology_and_Evolution.pdf
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      DOI
       10.1002/ece3.5103
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      Collins, G. E., Hogg, I. D., Baxter, J. R., Maggs-Kölling, G., & Cowan, D. A. (2019). Ancient landscapes of the Namib Desert harbor high levels of genetic variability and deeply divergent lineages for Collembola. Ecology and Evolution, 9(8), 4969–4979. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5103
      Permanent Research Commons link: https://hdl.handle.net/10289/12557
      Abstract
      Aim: To assess spatial patterns of genetic and species-level diversity for Namib Desert Collembola using mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. Location: Namib Desert gravel plains. Taxon: Collembola (springtails). Methods: A total of 77 soil samples were collected along NE-SW (60 km) and E-W (160 km) transects from within a 4,000 km2 area of the Namib Desert gravel plains. We extracted 434 springtails from the 37 samples which contained Collembola and sequenced them at the COI gene locus. In the absence of specific taxonomic keys and previous genetic data for these taxa, we used Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) analyses to provide putative species-level designations. Results: We obtained 341 successful COI sequences, 175 of which were unique haplotypes. GMYC analyses identified 30 putative species, with up to 28% sequence divergence (uncorrected p-distance). The distribution of genetic variants was disjunct, with 97% of haplotypes and 70% of "GMYC species" found only at single sites. Main conclusions: Dispersal events, although rare, may be facilitated by environmental events such as prevailing onshore winds or occasional flow of rainwater to the coast. We conclude that the high genetic diversity we observed is the result of ancient springtail lineages, patchy distribution of suitable habitats, and limited dispersal (gene flow) among habitable locations.
      Date
      2019
      Type
      Journal Article
      Rights
      This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

      © 2019 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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