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      Tephrochronology in Aotearoa New Zealand

      Hopkins, Jenni L.; Lowe, David J.; Horrocks, Joanna L.
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      Hopkins et al._tephra studiesNZJGG_final 1April2021_final_black_.pdf
      Accepted version, 5.048Mb
      DOI
       10.1080/00288306.2021.1908368
      Link
       doi.org
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      Hopkins, J. L., Lowe, D. J., & Horrocks, J. L. (2021). Tephrochronology in Aotearoa New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2021.1908368
      Permanent Research Commons link: https://hdl.handle.net/10289/14349
      Abstract
      Tephra deposits in Aotearoa New Zealand (ANZ) have been studied for >180 years. The now-global discipline of tephrochronology, which has some developmental roots in ANZ, forms the basis of a powerful chronostratigraphic correlational tool and age-equivalent dating method for geological, volcanological, palaeoenvironmental, and archaeological research in ANZ. Its utility is founded on the key principle that tephras or cryptotephras provide widespread isochrons in many different environments. In the first part of this article, we summarise the history of tephra studies in ANZ and then describe how tephras have been mapped, characterised, and correlated using field and laboratory-based methods. We document advances in geochemical fingerprinting of glass; tephra/cryptotephra detection and correlation by sediment-core scanning methods (e.g. X-radiography, CT imaging, XRF elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility); statistical correlation methods; and dating of tephras/cryptotephras. We discuss the advent of ANZ cryptotephra studies (from ~1980) and their recent growth. The second part comprises examples of applications of tephrochronology in ANZ: climate-event stratigraphy (NZ-INTIMATE project); eruptive-event stratigraphy in the Auckland Volcanic Field; developments in the marine tephra record; advances in identifying, correlating, and dating old (pre-50 ka) tephras and weathered-tephra deposits; forming soils/paleosols on tephras; tephras and archaeology; Kopouatai bog tephrostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments; and volcanic-hazard assessments.
      Date
      2021
      Type
      Journal Article
      Publisher
      Taylor and Francis
      Rights
      This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics on May 27 2021, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/00288306.2021.1908368.
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