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      Design and demonstration in vitro of a mouse-specific Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation coil

      Khokhar, Farah Adeebah; Voss, Logan J.; Steyn-Ross, D. Alistair; Wilson, Marcus T.
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      2020.01.09.900993.full.pdf
      Accepted version, 1.661Mb
      DOI
       10.1109/TMAG.2021.3077976
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      Khokhar, F. A., Voss, L. J., Steyn-Ross, D. A., & Wilson, M. T. (2021). Design and demonstration in vitro of a mouse-specific Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation coil. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2021.3077976
      Permanent Research Commons link: https://hdl.handle.net/10289/14360
      Abstract
      Background. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a technique used to treat different neurological disorders non-invasively. A pulsed current to a coil generates a magnetic field (B-field) which induces an electric field (E-field). Underlying biophysical effects of TMS are unclear. Therefore, animal experiments are needed; however, making small TMS coils suitable for mice is difficult and their field strengths are typically much lower than for human sized coils. Objectives/Hypothesis. We aimed to design and demonstrate a mouse-specific coil that can generate high and focused E-field. Methods. We designed a tapered TMS coil of 50 turns of 0.2 mm diameter copper wire around a 5 mm diameter tapered powdered iron core and discharged a 220 μF capacitor at 50 V through it. We measured B-field with a Hall probe and induced E-field with a wire loop. We measured temperature rise with a thermocouple. We applied 1200 pulses of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) and intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to mouse brain slices and analysed how spontaneous electrical activity changed. Results. The coil gave maximum B-field of 685 mT at the base of the coil and 340 mT at 2 mm below the coil, and maximum E-field 2 mm below the coil of approximately 10 V/m, at 50 V power supply, with a temperature increase of 20 degrees after 1200 pulses of cTBS. We observed no changes in B-field with heating. cTBS reduced frequency of spontaneous population events in mouse brain slices up to 20 minutes after stimulation and iTBS increased frequency up to 20 minutes after stimulation. No frequency changes occurred after 20 minutes. No changes in amplitude of spontaneous events were found. Conclusion. The design generated fields strong enough to modulate brain activity in vitro.
      Date
      2021
      Type
      Journal Article
      Rights
      This is an author’s preprint of an article published in the journal: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. ©2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.
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