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      Changes to population-based emergence of climate change from CMIP5 to CMIP6

      Douglas, HC; Harrington, Luke J.; Joshi, M; Hawkins, E; Revell, LE; Frame, DJ
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      Douglas_2023_Environ._Res._Lett._18_014013.pdf
      20.37Mb
      DOI
       10.1088/1748-9326/aca91e
      Link
       iopscience.iop.org
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      Permanent link to Research Commons version
      https://hdl.handle.net/10289/15490
      Abstract
      Abstract The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) model ensemble projects climate change emerging soonest and most strongly at low latitudes, regardless of the emissions pathway taken. In terms of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios of average annual temperatures, these models project earlier and stronger emergence under the Shared Socio-economic Pathways than the previous generation did under corresponding Representative Concentration Pathways. Spatial patterns of emergence also change between generations of models; under a high emissions scenario, mid-century S/N is lower than previous studies indicated in Central Africa, South Asia, and parts of South America, West Africa, East Asia, and Western Europe, but higher in most other populated areas. We show that these global and regional changes are caused by a combination of higher effective climate sensitivity in the CMIP6 ensemble, as well as changes to emissions pathways, component-wise effective radiative forcing, and region-scale climate responses between model generations. We also present the first population-weighted calculation of climate change emergence for the CMIP6 ensemble, quantifying the number of people exposed to increasing degrees of abnormal temperatures now and into the future. Our results confirm the expected inequity of climate change-related impacts in the decades between now and the 2050 target for net-zero emissions held by many countries. These findings underscore the importance of concurrent investments in both mitigation and adaptation.
      Date
      2023-01-01
      Type
      Journal Article
      Publisher
      IOP Publishing
      Rights
      © 2022. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 licence.
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      • Science and Engineering Papers [3124]
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