The transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic in Portugal is complex, involving a cultural mosaic and probable overlap of the two ways of life for at least half a millennium. Much can hinge on a single radiocarbon date and the dating of specifc sites. A major question relates to Late Mesolithic sites along the Muge and Sado rivers in central Portugal, and the suggestion that both act as Mesolithic enclaves between ca. 7500 and 6900 cal BP, parallel to the earliest Neolithic sites on the Atlantic coast of Portugal. We look at the youngest dates on human remains from Cabeço da Amoreira in discussing the nature and afliation of the uppermost levels of the site, with some emphasis on one sample that has been dated but not identifed. We identify the material dated and diferentiate it from adjacent human remains, providing basic information on one of the two youngest dated human skeletal elements recovered in the Mesolithic context at Muge, making it central to any full understanding of the transition.