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      Widespread distribution and identification of eight novel microcystins in Antarctic cyanobacterial mats

      Wood, Susanna A.; Mountfort, Douglas O.; Selwood, Andrew I.; Holland, Patrick T.; Puddick, Jonathan; Cary, S. Craig
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      Wood et al AEM final.pdf
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      DOI
       10.1128/AEM.01243-08
      Link
       aem.asm.org
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      Wood, S. A., Mountfort, D., Selwood, A. I., Holland, P. T., Puddick, J. & Cary, S. C. (2008). Widespread distribution and identification of eight novel microcystins in Antarctic cyanobacterial mats. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74(23), 7243-7251.
      Permanent Research Commons link: https://hdl.handle.net/10289/2830
      Abstract
      The microcystin content and cyanobacterial community structure of Antarctic microbial mat samples collected from 40 ponds, lakes and hydro-terrestrial environments were investigated. Samples were collected from Bratina Island and four of the Dry Valleys; Wrights, Victoria, Miers and Marshall. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and protein phosphatase inhibition assays (PP-2A) resulted in the identification of low levels (1 - 16 mg/kg dry weight) of microcystins in all samples. A plot of indicative potencies of microcystins (ratio PP-2A:ELISA) versus total microcystins (ELISA) showed a general decrease in potency as total microcystin levels increased and a clustering of values from discrete geographic locations. LC-MS/MS analysis on selected samples identified eight novel microcystin congeners. The low energy collisional activation spectra were consistent with variants of [D-Asp3] MC-RR and [D-Asp3] MC-LR containing glycine [Gly1] rather than alanine and combinations of homoarginine [hAr2] or acetyldemethyl ADDA [ADMAdda5] substitutions. Nostoc sp. was identified as a microcystin producer using PCR amplification of a region of the 16S rRNA gene and the aminotransferase (AMT) domain of the mcyE gene. Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) was undertaken to enable a comparison of cyanobacterial mat community structure from distant geographical locations. Two-dimensional multidimensional scaling ordination analysis of the ARISA data showed that in general samples from the same geographic location tended to clustered together. ARISA also enabled the putative identification of the microcystin producing Nostoc sp. from multiple samples.
      Date
      2008
      Type
      Journal Article
      Publisher
      American Society for Microbiology
      Rights
      This is an author’s accepted version of an article published in the journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. ©2008 American Society for Microbiology.
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      • Science and Engineering Papers [3124]
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