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      Reducing the external environmental costs of pastoral farming in New Zealand: experiences from the Te Arawa lakes, Rotorua

      Abell, Jonathan Michael; Hamilton, David P.; Paterson, John
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      Reducing the external environmental costs.pdf
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      DOI
       10.1080/14486563.2011.591520
      Link
       www.tandfonline.com
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      Abell, J.M., Hamilton, D.P. & Paterson, J. (2011). Reducing the external environmental costs of pastoral farming in New Zealand: experiences from the Te Arawa lakes, Rotorua. Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 18(3), 139-154.
      Permanent Research Commons link: https://hdl.handle.net/10289/5665
      Abstract
      Decades of nutrient pollution have caused water quality to decline in the nationally iconic Te Arawa (Rotorua) lakes in New Zealand. Pastoral agriculture is a major nutrient source, and therefore this degradation represents an external environmental cost to intensive farming. This cost is borne by the wider community, and a major publically funded remediation programme is now under way. This article describes the range of actions being taken to reduce nutrient loads from internal (lake bed sediments) and external (primarily diffuse) sources in the lake catchments. The high economic cost and uncertain efficacy of engineering-based actions to reduce internal nutrient loads is highlighted. Major changes to land management practices to control diffuse nutrient pollution are required throughout New Zealand if the need for costly and lengthy remediation programmes elsewhere is to be avoided. More action to educate farmers and the public about eutrophication issues, development and enforcement of environmental standards, and further consideration of the use of market-based instruments are proposed as ways to correct the current market failure.
      Date
      2011
      Type
      Journal Article
      Publisher
      Taylor & Francis
      Rights
      This is an author’s accepted version of an article published in the journal: Australasian Journal of Environmental Management. © 2011 Environment Institute of Australia and New Zealand Inc.
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      • Science and Engineering Papers [3122]
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