3D-printed Acoustic Directional Couplers

Abstract

Acoustic Directional Couplers permit separation of forward and reverse sound pressure waves. This separation opens the way to traceable precision acoustic reflection measurements. In order to span the audio frequency range, multiple couplers will be required, as each operates over a frequency range of slightly more than one octave. To reach 20kHz or above requires vary small, mechanically precise construction. We achieve this by 3D printing techniques. We manufactured two otherwise-identical couplers, one made with a powder-type 3D printer with photopolymer support structure, the other made with an ABS-filament thermoplastic-type 3D printer. We compare the measured acoustic performance of these two couplers. The wavelength of sound at 20 kHz is comparable to that encountered at a microwave frequency of 18 GHz. We expect to be able to fabricate couplers that reach 55 kHz where the wavelength is 6 mm, corresponding to a frequency of 50 GHz in the electromagnetic spectrum.