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      Keratin and S100 calcium-binding proteins are major constituents of the bovine teat canal lining

      Smolenski, Grant A.; Cursons, Raymond T.; Hine, Brad C; Wheeler, Thomas T.
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      2015 smolenski cursons hine wheeler Veterinary Research.pdf
      Published version, 3.258Mb
      DOI
       10.1186/s13567-015-0227-7
      Link
       www.veterinaryresearch.org
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      Smolenski, G. A., Cursons, R. T., Hine, B. C., & Wheeler, T. T. (2015). Keratin and S100 calcium-binding proteins are major constituents of the bovine teat canal lining. Veterinary Research, 46(1). http://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-015-0227-7
      Permanent Research Commons link: https://hdl.handle.net/10289/9702
      Abstract
      The bovine teat canal provides the first-line of defence against pathogenic bacteria infecting the mammary gland, yet the protein composition and host-defence functionality of the teat canal lining (TCL) are not well characterised. In this study, TCL collected from six healthy lactating dairy cows was subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry. The abundance and location of selected identified proteins were determined by western blotting and fluorescence immunohistochemistry. The variability of abundance among individual cows was also investigated. Two dominant clusters of proteins were detected in the TCL, comprising members of the keratin and S100 families of proteins. The S100 proteins were localised to the teat canal keratinocytes and were particularly predominant in the cornified outermost layer of the teat canal epithelium. Significant between-animal variation in the abundance of the S100 proteins in the TCL was demonstrated. Four of the six identified S100 proteins have been reported to have antimicrobial activity, suggesting that the TCL has additional functionality beyond being a physical barrier to invading microorganisms. These findings provide new insights into understanding host-defence of the teat canal and resistance of cows to mastitis.
      Date
      2015-09-25
      Type
      Journal Article
      Publisher
      Springer
      Rights
      © 2015 Smolenski et al. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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