Survey of Scytonema (Cyanobacteria) and associated saxitoxins in the littoral zone of recreational lakes in Canterbury, New Zealand

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dc.contributor.authorSmith, Francine M. J.
dc.contributor.authorWood, Susanna A.
dc.contributor.authorWilks, Taryn
dc.contributor.authorKelly, David
dc.contributor.authorBroady, Paul A.
dc.contributor.authorWilliamson, Wendy M.
dc.contributor.authorGaw, Sally K.
dc.date.accessioned2012-10-11T23:23:31Z
dc.date.available2012-10-11T23:23:31Z
dc.date.copyright2012-09-04
dc.date.issued2012
dc.description.abstractThe recent identification of saxitoxin-producing Scytonema cf. crispum triggered a survey of metaphyton and periphyton for Scytonema spp. in 34 high-use recreational lakes across Canterbury, New Zealand. Scytonema was observed in 10 of the lakes surveyed. Three morphospecies were identified: Scytonema cf. crispum, Scytonema cf. chiastum and Scytonema cf.fritschii. Environmental samples containing Scytonema were analysed for saxitoxins using the Jellett rapid test for paralytic shellfish poisoning, and saxitoxin variants were identified in positive samples using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD). Cultures were established from selected sites and their phylogeny investigated using partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. These cultures were also screened for a region of sxtA, a gene involved in saxitoxin production. Cultures containing the sxtA gene were analysed for saxitoxins with HPLC-FD. Saxitoxins were only identified in cultures of S. cf. crispum and environmental samples containing this species. HPLC-FD analysis of these environmental samples and cultures identified saxitoxin and the variants gonyautoxins (GTX1-5), neosaxitoxin, decarbamoyl saxitoxin and decarbamoyl gonyautoxins (dcGTX2/3). This was the first report of these saxitoxin variants from cyanobacteria in New Zealand. All cultures of S. cf. crispum contained the sxtA gene segment. The partial 16S rRNA gene sequence of Scytonema C. Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault cultures were compared with cyanobacterial sequences from GenBank, only S. cf.fritschii clustered amongst other Scytonema species. The identification of metaphytic saxitoxin-producing S. cf. crispum highlighted a new freshwater habitat where toxic cyanobacteria may need to be monitored.en_NZ
dc.identifier.citationSmith, F. M. J., Wood, S. A., Wilks, T., Kelly, D., Broady, P. A., Williamson, W.M., & Gaw, S.K. (2012). Survey of Scytonema (Cyanobacteria) and associated saxitoxins in the littoral zone of recreational lakes in Canterbury, New Zealand. Phycologia, 51(5), 542-551.en_NZ
dc.identifier.doi10.2216/11-84.1en_NZ
dc.identifier.issn0031-8884
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10289/6719
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherInternational Phycological Societyen_NZ
dc.relation.isPartOfPhycologiaen_NZ
dc.relation.ispartofPhycologia
dc.subject16S rRNAen_NZ
dc.subjectBlue-green algaeen_NZ
dc.subjectMetaphytonen_NZ
dc.subjectParalytic shellfish poisoning toxinsen_NZ
dc.subjectPSPen_NZ
dc.subjectSxtA geneen_NZ
dc.titleSurvey of Scytonema (Cyanobacteria) and associated saxitoxins in the littoral zone of recreational lakes in Canterbury, New Zealanden_NZ
dc.typeJournal Articleen_NZ
pubs.begin-page542en_NZ
pubs.elements-id38377
pubs.end-page551en_NZ
pubs.issue5en_NZ
pubs.volume51en_NZ
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