Volume 04, Issue 1 (2003)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10289/17872

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He Puna Kōrero (Vol. 4, Issue 1)
(Te Pua Wānanga ki te Ao, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato, 2003-02)
He Puna Kōrero: Journal of Māori and Pacific Development, Volume 4, Issue 1.
He Maimai Aroha: A tribute to Hirini Melbourne
(Te Pua Wānanga ki te Ao, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato, 2003-02)
With the passing of Dr. Hirini Melbourne, Dean of the School of Māori and Pacific Development, on the 6th of January 2003 at the age of 53, the Tari Māori, Development Studies, Te Tīmatanga Hou, Te Whakapiki Reo, the School of Māori and Pacific Development, and the University of Waikato mourn the loss of a favourite son whose support of the School will be sorely missed. We mourn with Ngāi Tūhoe, Ngāti Kahungunu, and the Melbourne family, especially with his widow Jan, their children Māhina and Māia, and grandchildren, Amokura and Manukaimiro. We feel that we can do no better here than provide our readers with a copy of the citation for Hirini's honorary doctorate (bestowed 23 March 2002).
'Reclaiming the Ancient Feminine in Māori Society.' 'Kei wareware i a tātou te Ūkaipō!'
(Te Pua Wānanga ki te Ao, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato, 2003) Yates-Smith, Aroha
With our constant interface with the threat of globalisation, it is timely that we reflect on the words of an ancient god who advised his brother, Tāne, to return to their mother, Papatūānuku (Best, 1923, p. 111). His words, which translate loosely as ‘lest we forget the Mother who nurtured us at her breast,’ remind us of the importance of considering the feminine, respecting our Earth Mother, and not taking either for granted. This paper addresses several issues pertaining to the Māori feminine. The discussion of these will begin with a brief reflection on the importance of balance between the male and female in Māori cosmogony and the marginalisation of the feminine as a result of two hundred years of colonisation. The principal focus of the article as a whole will be the last two decades and the efforts made to address some of the negative effects brought about by colonisation, which could be described as forming the first waves in the tide of globalisation. The key for the ordering of Māori society lay within our cosmogonic beginnings. Recent studies of Māori cosmology reveal that both male and female deities held prominent positions in the pantheon of gods (Yates-Smith, 1998). There was a strong presence of the feminine at the embryonic stage of Māori society.
Teaching Languages to Young Learners: Asian Rim Experiences
(Te Pua Wānanga ki te Ao, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato, 2003-02) Johnson, Diane
A number of Asian countries have recently developed initiatives relating to the teaching of English to young learners in schools. Many of the issues that these countries are currently facing are very similar to the theoretical and practical issues that are being faced in New Zealand where an increasing number of schools are introducing students to international languages at a younger age, and where young learners are being introduced to Māori in a range of different educational settings. Some of the issues, both theoretical and practical, that are common to young learner language initiatives in both New Zealand and in a number of Asian countries are explored here.
Issues in Maori Language Planning and Revitalisation
(Te Pua Wānanga ki te Ao, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato, 2003-02) Harlow, Ray
All languages which have undergone changes of status in the course of their histories have been the subject of language planning, be this consistent or piecemeal, officially driven or diffuse. In some cases, the processes have been and are still relatively ‘painless’ or even subliminal, at least as far as much of the population speaking the language is concerned. English is an extreme case in this respect, so that Ayto (1983) is able to speak of the ‘failure of language reform’ as a striking characteristic of its history. Many of the issues which could potentially be associated with its position in both the world and in particular countries do not, to all intents and purposes, arise. They have been dealt with by history; the way English works as a lingua franca, as an official language, as an international language in a variety of domains and regions, its spelling systems, its vocabulary, just ‘growed’, with only sporadic help from conscious planning.
Searching for synergy: Māori/indigenous and scientific conservatory values - the affinity propositon
(Te Pua Wānanga ki te Ao, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato, 2003-05) Simon, Katerina Heremoana
"Reconciling similarity/ affinity and difference/ distinction is one of the most important development issues of our contemporary period. Yet much effort aimed at gaining support for the plight of Māori/ indigenous peoples remains locked into the assertion of difference and distinction alone, those points of cultural affinity that could play an important role in processes of reconciliation and movement forward being largely ignored. What is proposed here is what is referred to as the ‘affinity proposition’, that is, it is argued that Māori/ indigenous development requires, for its further advancement, a focus not only on difference and divergence, but also on similarity and affinity. At the very heart of Māori/ indigenous development are issues relating to social justice, economic equity, freedom, ecological sustainability and cultural diversity, concepts which are equally highly valued in many sectors of mainstream (non-indigenous) society. Certainly, there are important differences in the ways in which these values are perceived and articulated in the context of different cultures, and these differences have recently been the focus of considerable attention and debate. However, there are also similarities which have received less attention in spite of the fact that they may hold the key to achieving a sufficient level of mutual understanding to underpin effective Māori/ indigenous development. This paper explores the development of a synergistic process of reconciliation between Māori/ indigenous values and scientific conservatory values. It reports on the preliminary findings of a research project whose focus is a cross-cultural study of environmental governance and management regimes under the New Zealand Resource Management Act 1991. The central questions addressed here are: Can reconciliation be achieved through recognition of both affinity and difference? Could such reconciliation underpin effective Māori/ indigenous development? It is argued here that a process of synergy is already under way, a process that can best be understood in terms of a theoretical framework that encompasses both the concept of modernity and the sustainable development paradigm."
In search of unity: Learning from headstones
(Te Pua Wānanga ki te Ao, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato, 2003-02) Mullan, Fintan
This paper explores a small anomaly of Irish history. Despite the large-scale re-organisation of the state at the beginning of the 18th century in Ireland, and the divided society created by the civil authorities, the old parish cemetery escaped this segregation and continued to be used by all members of the community, irrespective of Christian denomination. This came to be regarded as a right which, if not actually protected by law, was at least protected by custom. For this reason, researchers and local communities have a rich resource from which they can learn about the past and draw lessons for the future.
Sovereignty and nation-building: The development challenge in Indian country today
(Te Pua Wānanga ki te Ao, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato, 2003-02) Crombie, Winifred
In Sovereignty and Nation-Building: The Development Challenge in Indian Country Today, Cornell and Kalt (1998) argue that economic success, and the reduction of unemployment and welfare dependency, is more likely in the case of American Indian tribes if governance is characterised by five principles. In a number of articles and talks on Maori nation building projects in Aotearoa/New Zealand, reference has recently been made to Cornell and Kalt and to one or more of these five principles. Thus, for example, Dodd, in an article published in the Journal of Maori and Pacific Development in 2000, argues that Iwi governance structures should involve a separation of governance and management and should be consistent with indigenous ideas about the location and exercise of authority (2000, p.7). She refers, in this context, to the work of Cornell and Kalt, and quotes Eade who observes that “it is doubtful that an organisation that itself maintains oppressive social structures can be a reliable vehicle for transforming these in a liberating way, whatever the rhetoric” (Eade 1997, p. 26). More recently in this Journal, Tiakiwai and Bishop (2002, p. 36), note that Cornell and Kalt (1998, p.2) found a “positive correlation between self-determination and successful development as defined by the tribe”, and observe that what they refer to as the ‘decade of Maori development’ provides concrete Maori examples of development theorizing in line with Eade (1997) and the assertions of Cornell and Kalt (1998). The article by Cornell and Kalt which appears to be most often quoted in the context of Maori nation building projects first appeared in 1998. The extent of its current influence in Aotearoa/New Zealand suggests that a careful re-examination of it at this point could prove useful.

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