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Abstract
Taonga, Māori ancestral treasures, embody the mana and knowledge of Māori ancestors. He
Whiringa Aroha is one such treasure: a carved pare that affirms the mana of wāhine in the
colonial archives, but whose whakapapa has been obscured. This thesis uses the name ‘He
Whiringa Aroha’ and the te reo Māori pronoun ‘ia’ to refer to ‘E5501’, which is located in
the 1806 Richardson collection in the Peabody Essex Museum. As He Whiringa Aroha
travelled from Aotearoa New Zealand to Massachusetts, United States, ia became entangled
in historical narratives that disembodied the taonga from hapū and iwi Māori. Taonga were
not only physically removed from Aotearoa, but taonga and Māori creative practices were
named, gendered, and displayed by colonisers. American sailors collected and displayed He
Whiringa Aroha as an exotic ‘curiosity’ to showcase their triumph over Pacific waters. Yet,
He Whiringa Aroha is a power portal—a potent braid to the past, the future, and to those
Māori ways of being that defy the limiting archival language of colonialism. How do we
relate to taonga Māori that have been fragmented by the colonial archive? What are
alternatives to restory and reclaim taonga that remain in overseas museums?
Using a creative methodology grounded in Mana Wahine and pūrākau, this thesis weaves a
whiri (braid) of aroha (reverence) that attempts to restore he hononga mokopuna–the
connection between taonga and their descendants. Through poetry, a decolonial map,
interviews with ringatoi (Māori creatives), and archival research, I explore how the histories
of taonga can be reclaimed in Māori worldviews. Interviews with pūkenga and tohunga toi
reveal Māori understandings of taonga as expressions of toi, defying western taxonomies of
‘art’ and ‘curio’. Furthermore, archival research into the East India Marine Society and
Peabody Essex Museum unmasks the American sailors and their provenance practices that
have marginalised Māori, and in particular, wāhine Māori. Finally, I use pūrākau of atua
wāhine, Mana Wahine and takatāpui scholarship to restory and rename He Whiringa Aroha.
This archival storytelling raises new ethical questions about ownership and kaitiakitanga
(guardianship), which pose interventions for existing conversations about the place of taonga
Māori in overseas museum collections. Reclaiming the histories of ancestors in museums is
more than decolonizing colonial archives; on the contrary, restorying taonga is an act of
Indigenous resurgence. This Masters research opens new possibilities to reclaiming takatāpui
narratives and the mana of wahine in museum archives.
Type
Thesis
Type of thesis
Series
Citation
Date
2024
Publisher
The University of Waikato
Degree
Rights
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