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      Predictors of Workplace Bullying and Cyber-Bullying in New Zealand

      Gardner, Dianne; O’Driscoll, Michael P.; Cooper-Thomas, Helena D.; Roche, Maree A.; Bentley, Tim; Catley, Bevan; Teo, Stephen T. T.; Trenberth, Linda
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      Gardner et al (2016)_IJERPH_Bullying and cyber-bullying in NZ.pdf
      Published version, 301.0Kb
      DOI
       10.3390/ijerph13050448
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      Gardner, D., O’Driscoll, M. P., Cooper-Thomas, H. D., Roche, M. A., Bentley, T., Catley, B., … Trenberth, L. (2016). Predictors of Workplace Bullying and Cyber-Bullying in New Zealand. International Journal of Environmental Research And Public Health, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13050448
      Permanent Research Commons link: https://hdl.handle.net/10289/11604
      Abstract
      Background: The negative effects of in-person workplace bullying (WB) are well established. Less is known about cyber-bullying (CB), in which negative behaviours are mediated by technology. Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, the current research examined how individual and organisational factors were related to WB and CB at two time points three months apart. Methods: Data were collected by means of an online self-report survey. Eight hundred and twenty-six respondents (58% female, 42% male) provided data at both time points. Results: One hundred and twenty-three (15%) of participants had been bullied and 23 (2.8%) of participants had been cyber-bullied within the last six months. Women reported more WB, but not more CB, than men. Worse physical health, higher strain, more destructive leadership, more team conflict and less effective organisational strategies were associated with more WB. Managerial employees experienced more CB than non-managerial employees. Poor physical health, less organisational support and less effective organisational strategies were associated with more CB. Conclusion: Rates of CB were lower than those of WB, and very few participants reported experiencing CB without also experiencing WB. Both forms of bullying were associated with poorer work environments, indicating that, where bullying is occurring, the focus should be on organisational systems and processes.
      Date
      2016
      Type
      Journal Article
      Publisher
      MDPI AG
      Rights
      © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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