The Behavioural Dyscontrol Scale-Validation of a computerised version in a non-clinical New Zealand population

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of a new computerised version of the Behavioural Dyscontrol Scale (BDS) in comparison to the original manual version which research has shown to be a sensitive, reliable and valid measure of executive function (EF), and in particular of control over voluntary behaviour. A.J Luria deconstructed the complex construct of EF into Three Functional Units of working memory (Fluid Intelligence Factor), motor programming (Motor Programming Factor), and inappropriate response inhibition (Environmental Independence Factor) which he regarded to be predictive of a person’s capacity to function independently and autonomously in their environment. This theoretical framework and demonstrated ecological utility is what differentiates the BDS from other traditional clinical measures of EF. The subjective scoring system has restricted the use of the BDS; the development of a valid and reliable computerised version would address this limitation generating a much greater depth and range of finite objective data. Participants were 38 tertiary students who completed a demographic questionnaire, the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression self-report Scale (HADS), the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVACPT), Trail Making Test A and B, the manual and computerised versions of the Behavioural Dyscontrol Scale. Findings showed good levels of internal reliability and construct validity for the CBDS which yielded high sensitivity and specificity across all Three Functional Units, together with a high level of correspondence to scores generated by the manual version and by the Trails and IVACPT measures. Potential clinical applications, limitations and future directions are discussed.