Ecological compensation: an evaluation of regulatory compliance in New Zealand

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dc.contributor.authorBrown, Marie Amanda
dc.contributor.authorClarkson, Bruce D.
dc.contributor.authorBarton, Barry
dc.contributor.authorJoshi, Chaitanya
dc.date.accessioned2013-02-27T19:55:26Z
dc.date.available2013-02-27T19:55:26Z
dc.date.copyright2013-01-25
dc.date.issued2013
dc.description.abstractEcological compensation is an example of a trade-off whereby loss of natural values is remedied or offset by a corresponding compensatory action on the same site or elsewhere, determined through the process of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Ecological compensation actions are often criticised for having low levels of compliance: meaning that they are achieved only partially or not at all, while development activity proceeds with much greater certainty. Our research investigated compliance with 245 conditions relating to ecological compensation across 81 case studies across New Zealand under the Resource Management Act 1991. Our results show that present tools and practice in New Zealand are not adequately securing the necessary benefits from ecological compensation requirements, with 35.2% of requirements not being achieved. Significant variation in non-compliance with ecological compensation occurs between different activities, applicant types and condition types, while critical variables within the planning process influence levels of compliance. Our research demonstrates the importance of understanding the nature of non-compliance and of providing a consistent and robust decision-making framework for the consideration of ecological compensation in practiceen_NZ
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.citationBrown, M. A., Clarkson, B. D., Barton, B. J., & Joshi, C. (2013). Ecological compensation: an evaluation of regulatory compliance in New Zealand. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 1-11en_NZ
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/14615517.2012.762168en_NZ
dc.identifier.issn1471-5465
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10289/7272
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherTaylor & Francisen_NZ
dc.relation.isPartOfImpact Assessment and Project Apprasialen_NZ
dc.relation.ispartofImpact Assessment and Project Appraisal
dc.subjectComplianceen_NZ
dc.subjectConsent conditionsen_NZ
dc.subjectEcological Compensationen_NZ
dc.subjectMitigationen_NZ
dc.subjectOffseten_NZ
dc.subjectTrade-offsen_NZ
dc.titleEcological compensation: an evaluation of regulatory compliance in New Zealanden_NZ
dc.typeJournal Articleen_NZ
pubs.begin-page34en_NZ
pubs.elements-id38227
pubs.end-page44en_NZ
pubs.issue1en_NZ
pubs.volume31en_NZ
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