Carbonate Alteration of the Sams Creek Gold Deposit

Lee, Ryan John

Carbonate Alteration of the Sams Creek Gold Deposit

dc.contributor.advisor	Barker, Shaun L.L.
dc.contributor.author	Lee, Ryan John
dc.date.accessioned	2016-11-17T02:58:28Z
dc.date.available	2016-11-17T02:58:28Z
dc.date.issued	2016
dc.date.updated	2016-06-14T23:03:02Z
dc.description.abstract	Located near Upper Takaka, NW Nelson, the Sams Creek Gold Deposit is host to significant gold mineralisation, which has been extensively explored since being first discovered in 1974 by CRA exploration. The gold mineralisation, hosted largely within the Sams Creek Granite Dyke has since been the focus of continual ongoing exploration and research by various companies and academia. The dyke is a peralkaline microgranite, is up to 60 meters wide and has a strike length totalling 7 kilometres. Multiple stages of hydrothermal alteration have affected the granite dyke which is host to a series of sheeted, stock work and irregular fracture veins. At the time of writing, Sams Creek is New Zealand’s largest undeveloped gold project. Despite extensive research and exploration, the origin of Au bearing fluids and hence classification of the deposit is still debated. Little is also known about the role of which the widespread carbonate alteration has had during the genesis of this deposit. Siderite/ankerite (carbonate) veins are a common occurrence at Sams Creek, occurring in both the highly mineralised granite and seemingly unaltered metasedimentary rock, of which the Sams Creek Granite and various other mafic dykes intrude. This study presents a detailed paragenetic study of the multiple phases of carbonate alteration throughout the prospect. Trace element geochemistry for individual vein generations was obtained by in-situ analysis of the carbonate vein minerals using LA-ICP-MS. Oxygen and carbonate stable isotope ratios were also determined for many of the carbonate minerals. The carbonate alteration was found to be largely structurally controlled and coeval with the multiple stages of Au mineralisation and alteration. The veins were often comprised of multiple siderite and ankerite intergrowths, reflecting temporally distinct fluids of varying Ca/Fe/Mn/Mg concentrations. Whole vein geochemical analysis confirmed an overall ankerite composition, contrary to the previous reports of siderite only veins. Major and trace element signatures showed geochemically distinct ankerite veins for each host rock. Notably, the geochemistry of the veins indicates that the surrounding metasediments are an unlikely fluid source for the carbonate alteration. This has implications for models which suggest an orogenic fluid is responsible for the alteration. The fluid likely received its trace element and isotopic signature from a high temperature, reduced and 18O-depleted fluid source, consistent with a fluid source that is not metamorphogenic. The carbonate minerals associated with the mineralisation and/or the dyke have a unique trace element signature in relation to carbonate of other lithologies. Overall, this study provides evidence that is in agreement with the Sams Creek Dyke being classified as an Intrusion Related Gold System. Further implications for exploration potential are the distinctions between metamorphogenic and hydrothermal carbonate minerals, which could be easily undertaken using pXRF based upon anomalous Mn and Mg contents.
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf
dc.format.mimetype	application/zip
dc.identifier.citation	Lee, R. J. (2016). Carbonate Alteration of the Sams Creek Gold Deposit (Thesis, Master of Science (Research) (MSc(Research))). University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10289/10730	en
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10289/10730
dc.language.iso	en
dc.publisher	University of Waikato
dc.rights	All items in Research Commons are provided for private study and research purposes and are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated.
dc.subject	Sams Creek Gold Depsoit
dc.subject	IRGS
dc.subject	Carbonate alteration
dc.subject	Trace element geochemistry
dc.subject	siderite
dc.subject	ankerite
dc.subject	oxygen
dc.subject	carbon
dc.subject	stable isotope
dc.subject	gold mineralisation
dc.title	Carbonate Alteration of the Sams Creek Gold Deposit
dc.type	Thesis
pubs.place-of-publication	Hamilton, New Zealand
thesis.degree.grantor	University of Waikato
thesis.degree.level	Masters
thesis.degree.name	Master of Science (Research) (MSc(Research))