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This collection contains all the articles from Volume 2, Number 1, 1968 of the Earth Science Journal.
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Publication Coverpage and Contents(Journal Article, Waikato Geological Society, The University of Waikato, 1968) Waikato Geological SocietyCoverpage and Contents from Volume 2, Number 1, 1968 of Earth Science Journal.Publication Chronology of fans and terraces in the Galatea Basin(Journal Article, Waikato Geological Society, The University of Waikato, 1968) Pain, C.F.; Pullar, W.A.Air-borne volcanic ash beds are used to date fans and terraces in the Galatea Basin and to outline the depositional history of this part of the Rangitaiki Valley. The basin is interpreted as a fault-angle depression formed by a downwarped sheet of ignimbrite and an upthrusted block of greywacke which forms the Ikawhenua Range. It is from this range that much of the detritus has been derived to fill the basin, deposited mainly in the form of fans and terraces. The larger fans cover a wide area and their surfaces are older than the Rotoma eruption of c. 8000 years B.P. The widespread occurrence of these fans indicates a major erosion interval between c. 11,000 and c. 8,000 years ago. The younger fans are distributed in a particular order with fans of the Pre-Taupo surface north of the Horomanga Stream and those of the Pre- and Post-Kaharoa surfaces south of the same stream. This ordered distribution of the younger fans suggests a climatic control of fan building. Aggradation and degradation phases in the Rangitaiki and Whirinaki Rivers have formed a pronounced meander trough containing terraces of the Pre-Taupo, Pre-Kaharoa, and Post-Kaharoa surfaces. The terrace of the Pre-Kaharoa surface, largely of Taupo Pumice alluvium, is the most common. Degradation, however, is controlled by a local base level at the ignimbrite rapids on the Rangitaiki River just north of the Galatea Basin.Publication The role of mass-movement in shore platform development along the Gisborne coastline, New Zealand(Journal Article, Waikato Geological Society, The University of Waikato, 1968) McLean, R.F.; Davidson, C.F.Tidal shore platforms form a conspicuous part of the coastal scenery north of Gisborne, New Zealand. Some of these platforms are being extended landward under present-day conditions. Present widening results primarily from cliff-retreat by mass-movement. The coincidence in distribution of areas of wave convergence, mass-movement and shore platforms suggests a genetic connection between these marine and subaerial process and response elements. Various types of mass-movement are involved in cliff-retreat, notably slumps, flows, debris slides and soil and rock falls. While the products of such mass-movement forms are removed by wave action, extensive boulder fields on some shore platforms indicate that removal is not always complete. Not all of the shore platforms on this coast are being widened at present. Widening has ceased where active mass-movement is not occurring.Publication Bioerosion on shore platforms developed in the Waitemata Formation, Auckland(Journal Article, Waikato Geological Society, The University of Waikato, 1968) Healy, Terry R.Bioerosion - the removal of lithic substrate by the erosive activities of living organisms- has not previously been discussed for New Zealand shore platforms. This paper aims at drawing attention to bioerosion as a process active in shore platform development. Detailed reference is made to bioerosion occurring on the alternating sandstones and siltstones of the Waitemata Formation found outcropping on the coastline around Auckland. In this area several facets of shore platform morphology may be attributed to the direct effects of boring and browsing marine organisms. A classification of animals causing bioerosion, based on mechanism of erosion, is presented, and the geomorphic significance of the various groups discussed.Publication Development of laboratory instrumentation for the study of soil erodibility(Journal Article, Waikato Geological Society, The University of Waikato, 1968) Bryan, Rorke B.In order to carry out a study of the relative efficiency of various erodibility indices, and of the relative erodibility of soils developed in the Peak District of Derbyshire (England), three instruments were developed. These instruments were: a wet-sieve aggregate analyser of the Yoder pattern, a compact laboratory rainfall simulator using spray nozzles, a radiant drying unit using infra-red lamps. The efficiency of the instruments and the validity of the operating -techniques are critically evaluated and suggestions for improvement are advanced.Publication An analysis of the effect of topography on rainfall in the Taieri catchment area, Otago(Journal Article, Waikato Geological Society, The University of Waikato, 1968) Hutchinson, PeterIn an area of 2500 square miles, consisting of the Taieri Catchment basin and adjoining areas, there are only 37 rain gauges for which there are records for more than four years. Since the topography is varied, it is difficult to estimate rainfall in ungauged parts of the catchment. This study examines the effects of four topographic factors, altitude, position, exposure and aspect on the variation in measured rainfall, explains these effects in climatological and meteorological terms, and provides the basis of a method for estimating the rainfall on ungauged areas.Publication The climatic character of the Auckland rural area(Journal Article, Waikato Geological Society, The University of Waikato, 1968) Sparrow, Christopher J.The characteristics of the climate of the rural area surrounding the Auckland urban area are discussed. Data used, is predominantly from published reports of the New Zealand Meteorological Service giving annual summaries of observations made at the various climatological, synoptic and rainfall recording stations. The mean characteristics of the area's climatic elements are considered together with their extremes. It is concluded that warm temperatures throughout the year, high humidity, variations in amount and. intensity of rainfall, prevailing westerly and infrequent easterly winds and high sunshine hours characterise the climate of this part of northern New Zealand.Publication A review of urban climatology(Journal Article, Waikato Geological Society, The University of Waikato, 1968) McBoyle, G.R.The review attempts to elucidate the history of interest and the developing research work done in the field of urban climatology, with special emphasis on temperature. References are made to the works of certain researchers whose publications have not yet been translated into the English language. The reference list is by no means complete but contains most of the important works in this field.Publication Book reviews and Book notices(Journal Article, Waikato Geological Society, The University of Waikato, 1968) Waikato Geological SocietyBook reviews and Book notices from Volume 2, Number 1, 1968 of Earth Science Journal.